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Volume Group Locks
The metadata pertaining to the Logical Volumes and Physical Volumes in a Volume Group is stored at the Volume Group level. It is versioned with a checksum and changes are atomic.
A Volume Group lock must be held while the metadata is accessed by a program.
There are two modes of locks: VG_READ and VG_WRITE. A VG_WRITE lock is exclusive and prevents other processes holding the same lock simultaneously. Several processes can hold VG_READ locks concurrently.
Conceptually, all Physical Volumes that do not belong to any real Volume Group are considered to belong to an Orphan Volume Group. So, for example, vgextend needs to hold a VG_WRITE lock on the Orphan Volume Group.