// Copyright 2005, Google Inc.
	// All rights reserved.
	//
	// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
	// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
	// met:
	//
	//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
	// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
	//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
	// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
	// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
	// distribution.
	//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
	// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
	// this software without specific prior written permission.
	//
	// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
	// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
	// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
	// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
	// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
	// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
	// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
	// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
	// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
	// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
	// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
	
	//
	// The Google C++ Testing and Mocking Framework (Google Test)
	
	#include "gtest/gtest.h"
	#include "gtest/internal/custom/gtest.h"
	#include "gtest/gtest-spi.h"
	
	#include <ctype.h>
	#include <math.h>
	#include <stdarg.h>
	#include <stdio.h>
	#include <stdlib.h>
	#include <time.h>
	#include <wchar.h>
	#include <wctype.h>
	
	#include <algorithm>
	#include <iomanip>
	#include <limits>
	#include <list>
	#include <map>
	#include <ostream>  // NOLINT
	#include <sstream>
	#include <vector>
	
	#if GTEST_OS_LINUX
	
	# define GTEST_HAS_GETTIMEOFDAY_ 1
	
	# include <fcntl.h>  // NOLINT
	# include <limits.h>  // NOLINT
	# include <sched.h>  // NOLINT
	// Declares vsnprintf().  This header is not available on Windows.
	# include <strings.h>  // NOLINT
	# include <sys/mman.h>  // NOLINT
	# include <sys/time.h>  // NOLINT
	# include <unistd.h>  // NOLINT
	# include <string>
	
	#elif GTEST_OS_ZOS
	# define GTEST_HAS_GETTIMEOFDAY_ 1
	# include <sys/time.h>  // NOLINT
	
	// On z/OS we additionally need strings.h for strcasecmp.
	# include <strings.h>  // NOLINT
	
	#elif GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE  // We are on Windows CE.
	
	# include <windows.h>  // NOLINT
	# undef min
	
	#elif GTEST_OS_WINDOWS  // We are on Windows proper.
	
	# include <io.h>  // NOLINT
	# include <sys/timeb.h>  // NOLINT
	# include <sys/types.h>  // NOLINT
	# include <sys/stat.h>  // NOLINT
	
	# if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MINGW
	// MinGW has gettimeofday() but not _ftime64().
	#  define GTEST_HAS_GETTIMEOFDAY_ 1
	#  include <sys/time.h>  // NOLINT
	# endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MINGW
	
	// cpplint thinks that the header is already included, so we want to
	// silence it.
	# include <windows.h>  // NOLINT
	# undef min
	
	#else
	
	// Assume other platforms have gettimeofday().
	# define GTEST_HAS_GETTIMEOFDAY_ 1
	
	// cpplint thinks that the header is already included, so we want to
	// silence it.
	# include <sys/time.h>  // NOLINT
	# include <unistd.h>  // NOLINT
	
	#endif  // GTEST_OS_LINUX
	
	#if GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
	# include <stdexcept>
	#endif
	
	#if GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS_
	# include <arpa/inet.h>  // NOLINT
	# include <netdb.h>  // NOLINT
	# include <sys/socket.h>  // NOLINT
	# include <sys/types.h>  // NOLINT
	#endif
	
	#include "src/gtest-internal-inl.h"
	
	#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
	# define vsnprintf _vsnprintf
	#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
	
	#if GTEST_OS_MAC
	#ifndef GTEST_OS_IOS
	#include <crt_externs.h>
	#endif
	#endif
	
	#if GTEST_HAS_ABSL
	#include "absl/debugging/failure_signal_handler.h"
	#include "absl/debugging/stacktrace.h"
	#include "absl/debugging/symbolize.h"
	#include "absl/strings/str_cat.h"
	#endif  // GTEST_HAS_ABSL
	
	namespace testing {
	
	using internal::CountIf;
	using internal::ForEach;
	using internal::GetElementOr;
	using internal::Shuffle;
	
	// Constants.
	
	// A test whose test suite name or test name matches this filter is
	// disabled and not run.
	static const char kDisableTestFilter[] = "DISABLED_*:*/DISABLED_*";
	
	// A test suite whose name matches this filter is considered a death
	// test suite and will be run before test suites whose name doesn't
	// match this filter.
	static const char kDeathTestSuiteFilter[] = "*DeathTest:*DeathTest/*";
	
	// A test filter that matches everything.
	static const char kUniversalFilter[] = "*";
	
	// The default output format.
	static const char kDefaultOutputFormat[] = "xml";
	// The default output file.
	static const char kDefaultOutputFile[] = "test_detail";
	
	// The environment variable name for the test shard index.
	static const char kTestShardIndex[] = "GTEST_SHARD_INDEX";
	// The environment variable name for the total number of test shards.
	static const char kTestTotalShards[] = "GTEST_TOTAL_SHARDS";
	// The environment variable name for the test shard status file.
	static const char kTestShardStatusFile[] = "GTEST_SHARD_STATUS_FILE";
	
	namespace internal {
	
	// The text used in failure messages to indicate the start of the
	// stack trace.
	const char kStackTraceMarker[] = "\nStack trace:\n";
	
	// g_help_flag is true if the --help flag or an equivalent form is
	// specified on the command line.
	bool g_help_flag = false;
	
	// Utilty function to Open File for Writing
	static FILE* OpenFileForWriting(const std::string& output_file) {
	  FILE* fileout = nullptr;
	  FilePath output_file_path(output_file);
	  FilePath output_dir(output_file_path.RemoveFileName());
	
	  if (output_dir.CreateDirectoriesRecursively()) {
	    fileout = posix::FOpen(output_file.c_str(), "w");
	  }
	  if (fileout == nullptr) {
	    GTEST_LOG_(FATAL) << "Unable to open file \"" << output_file << "\"";
	  }
	  return fileout;
	}
	
	}  // namespace internal
	
	// Bazel passes in the argument to '--test_filter' via the TESTBRIDGE_TEST_ONLY
	// environment variable.
	static const char* GetDefaultFilter() {
	  const char* const testbridge_test_only =
	      internal::posix::GetEnv("TESTBRIDGE_TEST_ONLY");
	  if (testbridge_test_only != nullptr) {
	    return testbridge_test_only;
	  }
	  return kUniversalFilter;
	}
	
	GTEST_DEFINE_bool_(
	    also_run_disabled_tests,
	    internal::BoolFromGTestEnv("also_run_disabled_tests", false),
	    "Run disabled tests too, in addition to the tests normally being run.");
	
	GTEST_DEFINE_bool_(
	    break_on_failure,
	    internal::BoolFromGTestEnv("break_on_failure", false),
	    "True if a failed assertion should be a debugger break-point.");
	
	GTEST_DEFINE_bool_(
	    catch_exceptions,
	    internal::BoolFromGTestEnv("catch_exceptions", true),
	    "True if " GTEST_NAME_
	    " should catch exceptions and treat them as test failures.");
	
	GTEST_DEFINE_string_(
	    color,
	    internal::StringFromGTestEnv("color", "auto"),
	    "Whether to use colors in the output.  Valid values: yes, no, "
	    "and auto.  'auto' means to use colors if the output is "
	    "being sent to a terminal and the TERM environment variable "
	    "is set to a terminal type that supports colors.");
	
	GTEST_DEFINE_string_(
	    filter,
	    internal::StringFromGTestEnv("filter", GetDefaultFilter()),
	    "A colon-separated list of glob (not regex) patterns "
	    "for filtering the tests to run, optionally followed by a "
	    "'-' and a : separated list of negative patterns (tests to "
	    "exclude).  A test is run if it matches one of the positive "
	    "patterns and does not match any of the negative patterns.");
	
	GTEST_DEFINE_bool_(
	    install_failure_signal_handler,
	    internal::BoolFromGTestEnv("install_failure_signal_handler", false),
	    "If true and supported on the current platform, " GTEST_NAME_ " should "
	    "install a signal handler that dumps debugging information when fatal "
	    "signals are raised.");
	
	GTEST_DEFINE_bool_(list_tests, false,
	                   "List all tests without running them.");
	
	// The net priority order after flag processing is thus:
	//   --gtest_output command line flag
	//   GTEST_OUTPUT environment variable
	//   XML_OUTPUT_FILE environment variable
	//   ''
	GTEST_DEFINE_string_(
	    output,
	    internal::StringFromGTestEnv("output",
	      internal::OutputFlagAlsoCheckEnvVar().c_str()),
	    "A format (defaults to \"xml\" but can be specified to be \"json\"), "
	    "optionally followed by a colon and an output file name or directory. "
	    "A directory is indicated by a trailing pathname separator. "
	    "Examples: \"xml:filename.xml\", \"xml::directoryname/\". "
	    "If a directory is specified, output files will be created "
	    "within that directory, with file-names based on the test "
	    "executable's name and, if necessary, made unique by adding "
	    "digits.");
	
	GTEST_DEFINE_bool_(
	    print_time,
	    internal::BoolFromGTestEnv("print_time", true),
	    "True if " GTEST_NAME_
	    " should display elapsed time in text output.");
	
	GTEST_DEFINE_bool_(
	    print_utf8,
	    internal::BoolFromGTestEnv("print_utf8", true),
	    "True if " GTEST_NAME_
	    " prints UTF8 characters as text.");
	
	GTEST_DEFINE_int32_(
	    random_seed,
	    internal::Int32FromGTestEnv("random_seed", 0),
	    "Random number seed to use when shuffling test orders.  Must be in range "
	    "[1, 99999], or 0 to use a seed based on the current time.");
	
	GTEST_DEFINE_int32_(
	    repeat,
	    internal::Int32FromGTestEnv("repeat", 1),
	    "How many times to repeat each test.  Specify a negative number "
	    "for repeating forever.  Useful for shaking out flaky tests.");
	
	GTEST_DEFINE_bool_(
	    show_internal_stack_frames, false,
	    "True if " GTEST_NAME_ " should include internal stack frames when "
	    "printing test failure stack traces.");
	
	GTEST_DEFINE_bool_(
	    shuffle,
	    internal::BoolFromGTestEnv("shuffle", false),
	    "True if " GTEST_NAME_
	    " should randomize tests' order on every run.");
	
	GTEST_DEFINE_int32_(
	    stack_trace_depth,
	    internal::Int32FromGTestEnv("stack_trace_depth", kMaxStackTraceDepth),
	    "The maximum number of stack frames to print when an "
	    "assertion fails.  The valid range is 0 through 100, inclusive.");
	
	GTEST_DEFINE_string_(
	    stream_result_to,
	    internal::StringFromGTestEnv("stream_result_to", ""),
	    "This flag specifies the host name and the port number on which to stream "
	    "test results. Example: \"localhost:555\". The flag is effective only on "
	    "Linux.");
	
	GTEST_DEFINE_bool_(
	    throw_on_failure,
	    internal::BoolFromGTestEnv("throw_on_failure", false),
	    "When this flag is specified, a failed assertion will throw an exception "
	    "if exceptions are enabled or exit the program with a non-zero code "
	    "otherwise. For use with an external test framework.");
	
	#if GTEST_USE_OWN_FLAGFILE_FLAG_
	GTEST_DEFINE_string_(
	    flagfile,
	    internal::StringFromGTestEnv("flagfile", ""),
	    "This flag specifies the flagfile to read command-line flags from.");
	#endif  // GTEST_USE_OWN_FLAGFILE_FLAG_
	
	namespace internal {
	
	// Generates a random number from [0, range), using a Linear
	// Congruential Generator (LCG).  Crashes if 'range' is 0 or greater
	// than kMaxRange.
	UInt32 Random::Generate(UInt32 range) {
	  // These constants are the same as are used in glibc's rand(3).
	  // Use wider types than necessary to prevent unsigned overflow diagnostics.
	  state_ = static_cast<UInt32>(1103515245ULL*state_ + 12345U) % kMaxRange;
	
	  GTEST_CHECK_(range > 0)
	      << "Cannot generate a number in the range [0, 0).";
	  GTEST_CHECK_(range <= kMaxRange)
	      << "Generation of a number in [0, " << range << ") was requested, "
	      << "but this can only generate numbers in [0, " << kMaxRange << ").";
	
	  // Converting via modulus introduces a bit of downward bias, but
	  // it's simple, and a linear congruential generator isn't too good
	  // to begin with.
	  return state_ % range;
	}
	
	// GTestIsInitialized() returns true if the user has initialized
	// Google Test.  Useful for catching the user mistake of not initializing
	// Google Test before calling RUN_ALL_TESTS().
	static bool GTestIsInitialized() { return GetArgvs().size() > 0; }
	
	// Iterates over a vector of TestSuites, keeping a running sum of the
	// results of calling a given int-returning method on each.
	// Returns the sum.
	static int SumOverTestSuiteList(const std::vector<TestSuite*>& case_list,
	                                int (TestSuite::*method)() const) {
	  int sum = 0;
	  for (size_t i = 0; i < case_list.size(); i++) {
	    sum += (case_list[i]->*method)();
	  }
	  return sum;
	}
	
	// Returns true if the test suite passed.
	static bool TestSuitePassed(const TestSuite* test_suite) {
	  return test_suite->should_run() && test_suite->Passed();
	}
	
	// Returns true if the test suite failed.
	static bool TestSuiteFailed(const TestSuite* test_suite) {
	  return test_suite->should_run() && test_suite->Failed();
	}
	
	// Returns true if test_suite contains at least one test that should
	// run.
	static bool ShouldRunTestSuite(const TestSuite* test_suite) {
	  return test_suite->should_run();
	}
	
	// AssertHelper constructor.
	AssertHelper::AssertHelper(TestPartResult::Type type,
	                           const char* file,
	                           int line,
	                           const char* message)
	    : data_(new AssertHelperData(type, file, line, message)) {
	}
	
	AssertHelper::~AssertHelper() {
	  delete data_;
	}
	
	// Message assignment, for assertion streaming support.
	void AssertHelper::operator=(const Message& message) const {
	  UnitTest::GetInstance()->
	    AddTestPartResult(data_->type, data_->file, data_->line,
	                      AppendUserMessage(data_->message, message),
	                      UnitTest::GetInstance()->impl()
	                      ->CurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop(1)
	                      // Skips the stack frame for this function itself.
	                      );  // NOLINT
	}
	
	// A copy of all command line arguments.  Set by InitGoogleTest().
	static ::std::vector<std::string> g_argvs;
	
	::std::vector<std::string> GetArgvs() {
	#if defined(GTEST_CUSTOM_GET_ARGVS_)
	  // GTEST_CUSTOM_GET_ARGVS_() may return a container of std::string or
	  // ::string. This code converts it to the appropriate type.
	  const auto& custom = GTEST_CUSTOM_GET_ARGVS_();
	  return ::std::vector<std::string>(custom.begin(), custom.end());
	#else   // defined(GTEST_CUSTOM_GET_ARGVS_)
	  return g_argvs;
	#endif  // defined(GTEST_CUSTOM_GET_ARGVS_)
	}
	
	// Returns the current application's name, removing directory path if that
	// is present.
	FilePath GetCurrentExecutableName() {
	  FilePath result;
	
	#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS || GTEST_OS_OS2
	  result.Set(FilePath(GetArgvs()[0]).RemoveExtension("exe"));
	#else
	  result.Set(FilePath(GetArgvs()[0]));
	#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
	
	  return result.RemoveDirectoryName();
	}
	
	// Functions for processing the gtest_output flag.
	
	// Returns the output format, or "" for normal printed output.
	std::string UnitTestOptions::GetOutputFormat() {
	  const char* const gtest_output_flag = GTEST_FLAG(output).c_str();
	  const char* const colon = strchr(gtest_output_flag, ':');
	  return (colon == nullptr)
	             ? std::string(gtest_output_flag)
	             : std::string(gtest_output_flag,
	                           static_cast<size_t>(colon - gtest_output_flag));
	}
	
	// Returns the name of the requested output file, or the default if none
	// was explicitly specified.
	std::string UnitTestOptions::GetAbsolutePathToOutputFile() {
	  const char* const gtest_output_flag = GTEST_FLAG(output).c_str();
	
	  std::string format = GetOutputFormat();
	  if (format.empty())
	    format = std::string(kDefaultOutputFormat);
	
	  const char* const colon = strchr(gtest_output_flag, ':');
	  if (colon == nullptr)
	    return internal::FilePath::MakeFileName(
	        internal::FilePath(
	            UnitTest::GetInstance()->original_working_dir()),
	        internal::FilePath(kDefaultOutputFile), 0,
	        format.c_str()).string();
	
	  internal::FilePath output_name(colon + 1);
	  if (!output_name.IsAbsolutePath())
	    output_name = internal::FilePath::ConcatPaths(
	        internal::FilePath(UnitTest::GetInstance()->original_working_dir()),
	        internal::FilePath(colon + 1));
	
	  if (!output_name.IsDirectory())
	    return output_name.string();
	
	  internal::FilePath result(internal::FilePath::GenerateUniqueFileName(
	      output_name, internal::GetCurrentExecutableName(),
	      GetOutputFormat().c_str()));
	  return result.string();
	}
	
	// Returns true if the wildcard pattern matches the string.  The
	// first ':' or '\0' character in pattern marks the end of it.
	//
	// This recursive algorithm isn't very efficient, but is clear and
	// works well enough for matching test names, which are short.
	bool UnitTestOptions::PatternMatchesString(const char *pattern,
	                                           const char *str) {
	  switch (*pattern) {
	    case '\0':
	    case ':':  // Either ':' or '\0' marks the end of the pattern.
	      return *str == '\0';
	    case '?':  // Matches any single character.
	      return *str != '\0' && PatternMatchesString(pattern + 1, str + 1);
	    case '*':  // Matches any string (possibly empty) of characters.
	      return (*str != '\0' && PatternMatchesString(pattern, str + 1)) ||
	          PatternMatchesString(pattern + 1, str);
	    default:  // Non-special character.  Matches itself.
	      return *pattern == *str &&
	          PatternMatchesString(pattern + 1, str + 1);
	  }
	}
	
	bool UnitTestOptions::MatchesFilter(
	    const std::string& name, const char* filter) {
	  const char *cur_pattern = filter;
	  for (;;) {
	    if (PatternMatchesString(cur_pattern, name.c_str())) {
	      return true;
	    }
	
	    // Finds the next pattern in the filter.
	    cur_pattern = strchr(cur_pattern, ':');
	
	    // Returns if no more pattern can be found.
	    if (cur_pattern == nullptr) {
	      return false;
	    }
	
	    // Skips the pattern separater (the ':' character).
	    cur_pattern++;
	  }
	}
	
	// Returns true if the user-specified filter matches the test suite
	// name and the test name.
	bool UnitTestOptions::FilterMatchesTest(const std::string& test_suite_name,
	                                        const std::string& test_name) {
	  const std::string& full_name = test_suite_name + "." + test_name.c_str();
	
	  // Split --gtest_filter at '-', if there is one, to separate into
	  // positive filter and negative filter portions
	  const char* const p = GTEST_FLAG(filter).c_str();
	  const char* const dash = strchr(p, '-');
	  std::string positive;
	  std::string negative;
	  if (dash == nullptr) {
	    positive = GTEST_FLAG(filter).c_str();  // Whole string is a positive filter
	    negative = "";
	  } else {
	    positive = std::string(p, dash);   // Everything up to the dash
	    negative = std::string(dash + 1);  // Everything after the dash
	    if (positive.empty()) {
	      // Treat '-test1' as the same as '*-test1'
	      positive = kUniversalFilter;
	    }
	  }
	
	  // A filter is a colon-separated list of patterns.  It matches a
	  // test if any pattern in it matches the test.
	  return (MatchesFilter(full_name, positive.c_str()) &&
	          !MatchesFilter(full_name, negative.c_str()));
	}
	
	#if GTEST_HAS_SEH
	// Returns EXCEPTION_EXECUTE_HANDLER if Google Test should handle the
	// given SEH exception, or EXCEPTION_CONTINUE_SEARCH otherwise.
	// This function is useful as an __except condition.
	int UnitTestOptions::GTestShouldProcessSEH(DWORD exception_code) {
	  // Google Test should handle a SEH exception if:
	  //   1. the user wants it to, AND
	  //   2. this is not a breakpoint exception, AND
	  //   3. this is not a C++ exception (VC++ implements them via SEH,
	  //      apparently).
	  //
	  // SEH exception code for C++ exceptions.
	  // (see http://support.microsoft.com/kb/185294 for more information).
	  const DWORD kCxxExceptionCode = 0xe06d7363;
	
	  bool should_handle = true;
	
	  if (!GTEST_FLAG(catch_exceptions))
	    should_handle = false;
	  else if (exception_code == EXCEPTION_BREAKPOINT)
	    should_handle = false;
	  else if (exception_code == kCxxExceptionCode)
	    should_handle = false;
	
	  return should_handle ? EXCEPTION_EXECUTE_HANDLER : EXCEPTION_CONTINUE_SEARCH;
	}
	#endif  // GTEST_HAS_SEH
	
	}  // namespace internal
	
	// The c'tor sets this object as the test part result reporter used by
	// Google Test.  The 'result' parameter specifies where to report the
	// results. Intercepts only failures from the current thread.
	ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter::ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter(
	    TestPartResultArray* result)
	    : intercept_mode_(INTERCEPT_ONLY_CURRENT_THREAD),
	      result_(result) {
	  Init();
	}
	
	// The c'tor sets this object as the test part result reporter used by
	// Google Test.  The 'result' parameter specifies where to report the
	// results.
	ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter::ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter(
	    InterceptMode intercept_mode, TestPartResultArray* result)
	    : intercept_mode_(intercept_mode),
	      result_(result) {
	  Init();
	}
	
	void ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter::Init() {
	  internal::UnitTestImpl* const impl = internal::GetUnitTestImpl();
	  if (intercept_mode_ == INTERCEPT_ALL_THREADS) {
	    old_reporter_ = impl->GetGlobalTestPartResultReporter();
	    impl->SetGlobalTestPartResultReporter(this);
	  } else {
	    old_reporter_ = impl->GetTestPartResultReporterForCurrentThread();
	    impl->SetTestPartResultReporterForCurrentThread(this);
	  }
	}
	
	// The d'tor restores the test part result reporter used by Google Test
	// before.
	ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter::~ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter() {
	  internal::UnitTestImpl* const impl = internal::GetUnitTestImpl();
	  if (intercept_mode_ == INTERCEPT_ALL_THREADS) {
	    impl->SetGlobalTestPartResultReporter(old_reporter_);
	  } else {
	    impl->SetTestPartResultReporterForCurrentThread(old_reporter_);
	  }
	}
	
	// Increments the test part result count and remembers the result.
	// This method is from the TestPartResultReporterInterface interface.
	void ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter::ReportTestPartResult(
	    const TestPartResult& result) {
	  result_->Append(result);
	}
	
	namespace internal {
	
	// Returns the type ID of ::testing::Test.  We should always call this
	// instead of GetTypeId< ::testing::Test>() to get the type ID of
	// testing::Test.  This is to work around a suspected linker bug when
	// using Google Test as a framework on Mac OS X.  The bug causes
	// GetTypeId< ::testing::Test>() to return different values depending
	// on whether the call is from the Google Test framework itself or
	// from user test code.  GetTestTypeId() is guaranteed to always
	// return the same value, as it always calls GetTypeId<>() from the
	// gtest.cc, which is within the Google Test framework.
	TypeId GetTestTypeId() {
	  return GetTypeId<Test>();
	}
	
	// The value of GetTestTypeId() as seen from within the Google Test
	// library.  This is solely for testing GetTestTypeId().
	extern const TypeId kTestTypeIdInGoogleTest = GetTestTypeId();
	
	// This predicate-formatter checks that 'results' contains a test part
	// failure of the given type and that the failure message contains the
	// given substring.
	static AssertionResult HasOneFailure(const char* /* results_expr */,
	                                     const char* /* type_expr */,
	                                     const char* /* substr_expr */,
	                                     const TestPartResultArray& results,
	                                     TestPartResult::Type type,
	                                     const std::string& substr) {
	  const std::string expected(type == TestPartResult::kFatalFailure ?
	                        "1 fatal failure" :
	                        "1 non-fatal failure");
	  Message msg;
	  if (results.size() != 1) {
	    msg << "Expected: " << expected << "\n"
	        << "  Actual: " << results.size() << " failures";
	    for (int i = 0; i < results.size(); i++) {
	      msg << "\n" << results.GetTestPartResult(i);
	    }
	    return AssertionFailure() << msg;
	  }
	
	  const TestPartResult& r = results.GetTestPartResult(0);
	  if (r.type() != type) {
	    return AssertionFailure() << "Expected: " << expected << "\n"
	                              << "  Actual:\n"
	                              << r;
	  }
	
	  if (strstr(r.message(), substr.c_str()) == nullptr) {
	    return AssertionFailure() << "Expected: " << expected << " containing \""
	                              << substr << "\"\n"
	                              << "  Actual:\n"
	                              << r;
	  }
	
	  return AssertionSuccess();
	}
	
	// The constructor of SingleFailureChecker remembers where to look up
	// test part results, what type of failure we expect, and what
	// substring the failure message should contain.
	SingleFailureChecker::SingleFailureChecker(const TestPartResultArray* results,
	                                           TestPartResult::Type type,
	                                           const std::string& substr)
	    : results_(results), type_(type), substr_(substr) {}
	
	// The destructor of SingleFailureChecker verifies that the given
	// TestPartResultArray contains exactly one failure that has the given
	// type and contains the given substring.  If that's not the case, a
	// non-fatal failure will be generated.
	SingleFailureChecker::~SingleFailureChecker() {
	  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT3(HasOneFailure, *results_, type_, substr_);
	}
	
	DefaultGlobalTestPartResultReporter::DefaultGlobalTestPartResultReporter(
	    UnitTestImpl* unit_test) : unit_test_(unit_test) {}
	
	void DefaultGlobalTestPartResultReporter::ReportTestPartResult(
	    const TestPartResult& result) {
	  unit_test_->current_test_result()->AddTestPartResult(result);
	  unit_test_->listeners()->repeater()->OnTestPartResult(result);
	}
	
	DefaultPerThreadTestPartResultReporter::DefaultPerThreadTestPartResultReporter(
	    UnitTestImpl* unit_test) : unit_test_(unit_test) {}
	
	void DefaultPerThreadTestPartResultReporter::ReportTestPartResult(
	    const TestPartResult& result) {
	  unit_test_->GetGlobalTestPartResultReporter()->ReportTestPartResult(result);
	}
	
	// Returns the global test part result reporter.
	TestPartResultReporterInterface*
	UnitTestImpl::GetGlobalTestPartResultReporter() {
	  internal::MutexLock lock(&global_test_part_result_reporter_mutex_);
	  return global_test_part_result_repoter_;
	}
	
	// Sets the global test part result reporter.
	void UnitTestImpl::SetGlobalTestPartResultReporter(
	    TestPartResultReporterInterface* reporter) {
	  internal::MutexLock lock(&global_test_part_result_reporter_mutex_);
	  global_test_part_result_repoter_ = reporter;
	}
	
	// Returns the test part result reporter for the current thread.
	TestPartResultReporterInterface*
	UnitTestImpl::GetTestPartResultReporterForCurrentThread() {
	  return per_thread_test_part_result_reporter_.get();
	}
	
	// Sets the test part result reporter for the current thread.
	void UnitTestImpl::SetTestPartResultReporterForCurrentThread(
	    TestPartResultReporterInterface* reporter) {
	  per_thread_test_part_result_reporter_.set(reporter);
	}
	
	// Gets the number of successful test suites.
	int UnitTestImpl::successful_test_suite_count() const {
	  return CountIf(test_suites_, TestSuitePassed);
	}
	
	// Gets the number of failed test suites.
	int UnitTestImpl::failed_test_suite_count() const {
	  return CountIf(test_suites_, TestSuiteFailed);
	}
	
	// Gets the number of all test suites.
	int UnitTestImpl::total_test_suite_count() const {
	  return static_cast<int>(test_suites_.size());
	}
	
	// Gets the number of all test suites that contain at least one test
	// that should run.
	int UnitTestImpl::test_suite_to_run_count() const {
	  return CountIf(test_suites_, ShouldRunTestSuite);
	}
	
	// Gets the number of successful tests.
	int UnitTestImpl::successful_test_count() const {
	  return SumOverTestSuiteList(test_suites_, &TestSuite::successful_test_count);
	}
	
	// Gets the number of skipped tests.
	int UnitTestImpl::skipped_test_count() const {
	  return SumOverTestSuiteList(test_suites_, &TestSuite::skipped_test_count);
	}
	
	// Gets the number of failed tests.
	int UnitTestImpl::failed_test_count() const {
	  return SumOverTestSuiteList(test_suites_, &TestSuite::failed_test_count);
	}
	
	// Gets the number of disabled tests that will be reported in the XML report.
	int UnitTestImpl::reportable_disabled_test_count() const {
	  return SumOverTestSuiteList(test_suites_,
	                              &TestSuite::reportable_disabled_test_count);
	}
	
	// Gets the number of disabled tests.
	int UnitTestImpl::disabled_test_count() const {
	  return SumOverTestSuiteList(test_suites_, &TestSuite::disabled_test_count);
	}
	
	// Gets the number of tests to be printed in the XML report.
	int UnitTestImpl::reportable_test_count() const {
	  return SumOverTestSuiteList(test_suites_, &TestSuite::reportable_test_count);
	}
	
	// Gets the number of all tests.
	int UnitTestImpl::total_test_count() const {
	  return SumOverTestSuiteList(test_suites_, &TestSuite::total_test_count);
	}
	
	// Gets the number of tests that should run.
	int UnitTestImpl::test_to_run_count() const {
	  return SumOverTestSuiteList(test_suites_, &TestSuite::test_to_run_count);
	}
	
	// Returns the current OS stack trace as an std::string.
	//
	// The maximum number of stack frames to be included is specified by
	// the gtest_stack_trace_depth flag.  The skip_count parameter
	// specifies the number of top frames to be skipped, which doesn't
	// count against the number of frames to be included.
	//
	// For example, if Foo() calls Bar(), which in turn calls
	// CurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop(1), Foo() will be included in the
	// trace but Bar() and CurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop() won't.
	std::string UnitTestImpl::CurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop(int skip_count) {
	  return os_stack_trace_getter()->CurrentStackTrace(
	      static_cast<int>(GTEST_FLAG(stack_trace_depth)),
	      skip_count + 1
	      // Skips the user-specified number of frames plus this function
	      // itself.
	      );  // NOLINT
	}
	
	// Returns the current time in milliseconds.
	TimeInMillis GetTimeInMillis() {
	#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE || defined(__BORLANDC__)
	  // Difference between 1970-01-01 and 1601-01-01 in milliseconds.
	  // http://analogous.blogspot.com/2005/04/epoch.html
	  const TimeInMillis kJavaEpochToWinFileTimeDelta =
	    static_cast<TimeInMillis>(116444736UL) * 100000UL;
	  const DWORD kTenthMicrosInMilliSecond = 10000;
	
	  SYSTEMTIME now_systime;
	  FILETIME now_filetime;
	  ULARGE_INTEGER now_int64;
	  GetSystemTime(&now_systime);
	  if (SystemTimeToFileTime(&now_systime, &now_filetime)) {
	    now_int64.LowPart = now_filetime.dwLowDateTime;
	    now_int64.HighPart = now_filetime.dwHighDateTime;
	    now_int64.QuadPart = (now_int64.QuadPart / kTenthMicrosInMilliSecond) -
	      kJavaEpochToWinFileTimeDelta;
	    return now_int64.QuadPart;
	  }
	  return 0;
	#elif GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_HAS_GETTIMEOFDAY_
	  __timeb64 now;
	
	  // MSVC 8 deprecates _ftime64(), so we want to suppress warning 4996
	  // (deprecated function) there.
	  GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_DEPRECATED_PUSH_()
	  _ftime64(&now);
	  GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_DEPRECATED_POP_()
	
	  return static_cast<TimeInMillis>(now.time) * 1000 + now.millitm;
	#elif GTEST_HAS_GETTIMEOFDAY_
	  struct timeval now;
	  gettimeofday(&now, nullptr);
	  return static_cast<TimeInMillis>(now.tv_sec) * 1000 + now.tv_usec / 1000;
	#else
	# error "Don't know how to get the current time on your system."
	#endif
	}
	
	// Utilities
	
	// class String.
	
	#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
	// Creates a UTF-16 wide string from the given ANSI string, allocating
	// memory using new. The caller is responsible for deleting the return
	// value using delete[]. Returns the wide string, or NULL if the
	// input is NULL.
	LPCWSTR String::AnsiToUtf16(const char* ansi) {
	  if (!ansi) return nullptr;
	  const int length = strlen(ansi);
	  const int unicode_length =
	      MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP, 0, ansi, length, nullptr, 0);
	  WCHAR* unicode = new WCHAR[unicode_length + 1];
	  MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP, 0, ansi, length,
	                      unicode, unicode_length);
	  unicode[unicode_length] = 0;
	  return unicode;
	}
	
	// Creates an ANSI string from the given wide string, allocating
	// memory using new. The caller is responsible for deleting the return
	// value using delete[]. Returns the ANSI string, or NULL if the
	// input is NULL.
	const char* String::Utf16ToAnsi(LPCWSTR utf16_str)  {
	  if (!utf16_str) return nullptr;
	  const int ansi_length = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, utf16_str, -1, nullptr,
	                                              0, nullptr, nullptr);
	  char* ansi = new char[ansi_length + 1];
	  WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, utf16_str, -1, ansi, ansi_length, nullptr,
	                      nullptr);
	  ansi[ansi_length] = 0;
	  return ansi;
	}
	
	#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
	
	// Compares two C strings.  Returns true if they have the same content.
	//
	// Unlike strcmp(), this function can handle NULL argument(s).  A NULL
	// C string is considered different to any non-NULL C string,
	// including the empty string.
	bool String::CStringEquals(const char * lhs, const char * rhs) {
	  if (lhs == nullptr) return rhs == nullptr;
	
	  if (rhs == nullptr) return false;
	
	  return strcmp(lhs, rhs) == 0;
	}
	
	#if GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
	
	// Converts an array of wide chars to a narrow string using the UTF-8
	// encoding, and streams the result to the given Message object.
	static void StreamWideCharsToMessage(const wchar_t* wstr, size_t length,
	                                     Message* msg) {
	  for (size_t i = 0; i != length; ) {  // NOLINT
	    if (wstr[i] != L'\0') {
	      *msg << WideStringToUtf8(wstr + i, static_cast<int>(length - i));
	      while (i != length && wstr[i] != L'\0')
	        i++;
	    } else {
	      *msg << '\0';
	      i++;
	    }
	  }
	}
	
	#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
	
	void SplitString(const ::std::string& str, char delimiter,
	                 ::std::vector< ::std::string>* dest) {
	  ::std::vector< ::std::string> parsed;
	  ::std::string::size_type pos = 0;
	  while (::testing::internal::AlwaysTrue()) {
	    const ::std::string::size_type colon = str.find(delimiter, pos);
	    if (colon == ::std::string::npos) {
	      parsed.push_back(str.substr(pos));
	      break;
	    } else {
	      parsed.push_back(str.substr(pos, colon - pos));
	      pos = colon + 1;
	    }
	  }
	  dest->swap(parsed);
	}
	
	}  // namespace internal
	
	// Constructs an empty Message.
	// We allocate the stringstream separately because otherwise each use of
	// ASSERT/EXPECT in a procedure adds over 200 bytes to the procedure's
	// stack frame leading to huge stack frames in some cases; gcc does not reuse
	// the stack space.
	Message::Message() : ss_(new ::std::stringstream) {
	  // By default, we want there to be enough precision when printing
	  // a double to a Message.
	  *ss_ << std::setprecision(std::numeric_limits<double>::digits10 + 2);
	}
	
	// These two overloads allow streaming a wide C string to a Message
	// using the UTF-8 encoding.
	Message& Message::operator <<(const wchar_t* wide_c_str) {
	  return *this << internal::String::ShowWideCString(wide_c_str);
	}
	Message& Message::operator <<(wchar_t* wide_c_str) {
	  return *this << internal::String::ShowWideCString(wide_c_str);
	}
	
	#if GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
	// Converts the given wide string to a narrow string using the UTF-8
	// encoding, and streams the result to this Message object.
	Message& Message::operator <<(const ::std::wstring& wstr) {
	  internal::StreamWideCharsToMessage(wstr.c_str(), wstr.length(), this);
	  return *this;
	}
	#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
	
	// Gets the text streamed to this object so far as an std::string.
	// Each '\0' character in the buffer is replaced with "\\0".
	std::string Message::GetString() const {
	  return internal::StringStreamToString(ss_.get());
	}
	
	// AssertionResult constructors.
	// Used in EXPECT_TRUE/FALSE(assertion_result).
	AssertionResult::AssertionResult(const AssertionResult& other)
	    : success_(other.success_),
	      message_(other.message_.get() != nullptr
	                   ? new ::std::string(*other.message_)
	                   : static_cast< ::std::string*>(nullptr)) {}
	
	// Swaps two AssertionResults.
	void AssertionResult::swap(AssertionResult& other) {
	  using std::swap;
	  swap(success_, other.success_);
	  swap(message_, other.message_);
	}
	
	// Returns the assertion's negation. Used with EXPECT/ASSERT_FALSE.
	AssertionResult AssertionResult::operator!() const {
	  AssertionResult negation(!success_);
	  if (message_.get() != nullptr) negation << *message_;
	  return negation;
	}
	
	// Makes a successful assertion result.
	AssertionResult AssertionSuccess() {
	  return AssertionResult(true);
	}
	
	// Makes a failed assertion result.
	AssertionResult AssertionFailure() {
	  return AssertionResult(false);
	}
	
	// Makes a failed assertion result with the given failure message.
	// Deprecated; use AssertionFailure() << message.
	AssertionResult AssertionFailure(const Message& message) {
	  return AssertionFailure() << message;
	}
	
	namespace internal {
	
	namespace edit_distance {
	std::vector<EditType> CalculateOptimalEdits(const std::vector<size_t>& left,
	                                            const std::vector<size_t>& right) {
	  std::vector<std::vector<double> > costs(
	      left.size() + 1, std::vector<double>(right.size() + 1));
	  std::vector<std::vector<EditType> > best_move(
	      left.size() + 1, std::vector<EditType>(right.size() + 1));
	
	  // Populate for empty right.
	  for (size_t l_i = 0; l_i < costs.size(); ++l_i) {
	    costs[l_i][0] = static_cast<double>(l_i);
	    best_move[l_i][0] = kRemove;
	  }
	  // Populate for empty left.
	  for (size_t r_i = 1; r_i < costs[0].size(); ++r_i) {
	    costs[0][r_i] = static_cast<double>(r_i);
	    best_move[0][r_i] = kAdd;
	  }
	
	  for (size_t l_i = 0; l_i < left.size(); ++l_i) {
	    for (size_t r_i = 0; r_i < right.size(); ++r_i) {
	      if (left[l_i] == right[r_i]) {
	        // Found a match. Consume it.
	        costs[l_i + 1][r_i + 1] = costs[l_i][r_i];
	        best_move[l_i + 1][r_i + 1] = kMatch;
	        continue;
	      }
	
	      const double add = costs[l_i + 1][r_i];
	      const double remove = costs[l_i][r_i + 1];
	      const double replace = costs[l_i][r_i];
	      if (add < remove && add < replace) {
	        costs[l_i + 1][r_i + 1] = add + 1;
	        best_move[l_i + 1][r_i + 1] = kAdd;
	      } else if (remove < add && remove < replace) {
	        costs[l_i + 1][r_i + 1] = remove + 1;
	        best_move[l_i + 1][r_i + 1] = kRemove;
	      } else {
	        // We make replace a little more expensive than add/remove to lower
	        // their priority.
	        costs[l_i + 1][r_i + 1] = replace + 1.00001;
	        best_move[l_i + 1][r_i + 1] = kReplace;
	      }
	    }
	  }
	
	  // Reconstruct the best path. We do it in reverse order.
	  std::vector<EditType> best_path;
	  for (size_t l_i = left.size(), r_i = right.size(); l_i > 0 || r_i > 0;) {
	    EditType move = best_move[l_i][r_i];
	    best_path.push_back(move);
	    l_i -= move != kAdd;
	    r_i -= move != kRemove;
	  }
	  std::reverse(best_path.begin(), best_path.end());
	  return best_path;
	}
	
	namespace {
	
	// Helper class to convert string into ids with deduplication.
	class InternalStrings {
	 public:
	  size_t GetId(const std::string& str) {
	    IdMap::iterator it = ids_.find(str);
	    if (it != ids_.end()) return it->second;
	    size_t id = ids_.size();
	    return ids_[str] = id;
	  }
	
	 private:
	  typedef std::map<std::string, size_t> IdMap;
	  IdMap ids_;
	};
	
	}  // namespace
	
	std::vector<EditType> CalculateOptimalEdits(
	    const std::vector<std::string>& left,
	    const std::vector<std::string>& right) {
	  std::vector<size_t> left_ids, right_ids;
	  {
	    InternalStrings intern_table;
	    for (size_t i = 0; i < left.size(); ++i) {
	      left_ids.push_back(intern_table.GetId(left[i]));
	    }
	    for (size_t i = 0; i < right.size(); ++i) {
	      right_ids.push_back(intern_table.GetId(right[i]));
	    }
	  }
	  return CalculateOptimalEdits(left_ids, right_ids);
	}
	
	namespace {
	
	// Helper class that holds the state for one hunk and prints it out to the
	// stream.
	// It reorders adds/removes when possible to group all removes before all
	// adds. It also adds the hunk header before printint into the stream.
	class Hunk {
	 public:
	  Hunk(size_t left_start, size_t right_start)
	      : left_start_(left_start),
	        right_start_(right_start),
	        adds_(),
	        removes_(),
	        common_() {}
	
	  void PushLine(char edit, const char* line) {
	    switch (edit) {
	      case ' ':
	        ++common_;
	        FlushEdits();
	        hunk_.push_back(std::make_pair(' ', line));
	        break;
	      case '-':
	        ++removes_;
	        hunk_removes_.push_back(std::make_pair('-', line));
	        break;
	      case '+':
	        ++adds_;
	        hunk_adds_.push_back(std::make_pair('+', line));
	        break;
	    }
	  }
	
	  void PrintTo(std::ostream* os) {
	    PrintHeader(os);
	    FlushEdits();
	    for (std::list<std::pair<char, const char*> >::const_iterator it =
	             hunk_.begin();
	         it != hunk_.end(); ++it) {
	      *os << it->first << it->second << "\n";
	    }
	  }
	
	  bool has_edits() const { return adds_ || removes_; }
	
	 private:
	  void FlushEdits() {
	    hunk_.splice(hunk_.end(), hunk_removes_);
	    hunk_.splice(hunk_.end(), hunk_adds_);
	  }
	
	  // Print a unified diff header for one hunk.
	  // The format is
	  //   "@@ -<left_start>,<left_length> +<right_start>,<right_length> @@"
	  // where the left/right parts are omitted if unnecessary.
	  void PrintHeader(std::ostream* ss) const {
	    *ss << "@@ ";
	    if (removes_) {
	      *ss << "-" << left_start_ << "," << (removes_ + common_);
	    }
	    if (removes_ && adds_) {
	      *ss << " ";
	    }
	    if (adds_) {
	      *ss << "+" << right_start_ << "," << (adds_ + common_);
	    }
	    *ss << " @@\n";
	  }
	
	  size_t left_start_, right_start_;
	  size_t adds_, removes_, common_;
	  std::list<std::pair<char, const char*> > hunk_, hunk_adds_, hunk_removes_;
	};
	
	}  // namespace
	
	// Create a list of diff hunks in Unified diff format.
	// Each hunk has a header generated by PrintHeader above plus a body with
	// lines prefixed with ' ' for no change, '-' for deletion and '+' for
	// addition.
	// 'context' represents the desired unchanged prefix/suffix around the diff.
	// If two hunks are close enough that their contexts overlap, then they are
	// joined into one hunk.
	std::string CreateUnifiedDiff(const std::vector<std::string>& left,
	                              const std::vector<std::string>& right,
	                              size_t context) {
	  const std::vector<EditType> edits = CalculateOptimalEdits(left, right);
	
	  size_t l_i = 0, r_i = 0, edit_i = 0;
	  std::stringstream ss;
	  while (edit_i < edits.size()) {
	    // Find first edit.
	    while (edit_i < edits.size() && edits[edit_i] == kMatch) {
	      ++l_i;
	      ++r_i;
	      ++edit_i;
	    }
	
	    // Find the first line to include in the hunk.
	    const size_t prefix_context = std::min(l_i, context);
	    Hunk hunk(l_i - prefix_context + 1, r_i - prefix_context + 1);
	    for (size_t i = prefix_context; i > 0; --i) {
	      hunk.PushLine(' ', left[l_i - i].c_str());
	    }
	
	    // Iterate the edits until we found enough suffix for the hunk or the input
	    // is over.
	    size_t n_suffix = 0;
	    for (; edit_i < edits.size(); ++edit_i) {
	      if (n_suffix >= context) {
	        // Continue only if the next hunk is very close.
	        auto it = edits.begin() + static_cast<int>(edit_i);
	        while (it != edits.end() && *it == kMatch) ++it;
	        if (it == edits.end() ||
	            static_cast<size_t>(it - edits.begin()) - edit_i >= context) {
	          // There is no next edit or it is too far away.
	          break;
	        }
	      }
	
	      EditType edit = edits[edit_i];
	      // Reset count when a non match is found.
	      n_suffix = edit == kMatch ? n_suffix + 1 : 0;
	
	      if (edit == kMatch || edit == kRemove || edit == kReplace) {
	        hunk.PushLine(edit == kMatch ? ' ' : '-', left[l_i].c_str());
	      }
	      if (edit == kAdd || edit == kReplace) {
	        hunk.PushLine('+', right[r_i].c_str());
	      }
	
	      // Advance indices, depending on edit type.
	      l_i += edit != kAdd;
	      r_i += edit != kRemove;
	    }
	
	    if (!hunk.has_edits()) {
	      // We are done. We don't want this hunk.
	      break;
	    }
	
	    hunk.PrintTo(&ss);
	  }
	  return ss.str();
	}
	
	}  // namespace edit_distance
	
	namespace {
	
	// The string representation of the values received in EqFailure() are already
	// escaped. Split them on escaped '\n' boundaries. Leave all other escaped
	// characters the same.
	std::vector<std::string> SplitEscapedString(const std::string& str) {
	  std::vector<std::string> lines;
	  size_t start = 0, end = str.size();
	  if (end > 2 && str[0] == '"' && str[end - 1] == '"') {
	    ++start;
	    --end;
	  }
	  bool escaped = false;
	  for (size_t i = start; i + 1 < end; ++i) {
	    if (escaped) {
	      escaped = false;
	      if (str[i] == 'n') {
	        lines.push_back(str.substr(start, i - start - 1));
	        start = i + 1;
	      }
	    } else {
	      escaped = str[i] == '\\';
	    }
	  }
	  lines.push_back(str.substr(start, end - start));
	  return lines;
	}
	
	}  // namespace
	
	// Constructs and returns the message for an equality assertion
	// (e.g. ASSERT_EQ, EXPECT_STREQ, etc) failure.
	//
	// The first four parameters are the expressions used in the assertion
	// and their values, as strings.  For example, for ASSERT_EQ(foo, bar)
	// where foo is 5 and bar is 6, we have:
	//
	//   lhs_expression: "foo"
	//   rhs_expression: "bar"
	//   lhs_value:      "5"
	//   rhs_value:      "6"
	//
	// The ignoring_case parameter is true if the assertion is a
	// *_STRCASEEQ*.  When it's true, the string "Ignoring case" will
	// be inserted into the message.
	AssertionResult EqFailure(const char* lhs_expression,
	                          const char* rhs_expression,
	                          const std::string& lhs_value,
	                          const std::string& rhs_value,
	                          bool ignoring_case) {
	  Message msg;
	  msg << "Expected equality of these values:";
	  msg << "\n  " << lhs_expression;
	  if (lhs_value != lhs_expression) {
	    msg << "\n    Which is: " << lhs_value;
	  }
	  msg << "\n  " << rhs_expression;
	  if (rhs_value != rhs_expression) {
	    msg << "\n    Which is: " << rhs_value;
	  }
	
	  if (ignoring_case) {
	    msg << "\nIgnoring case";
	  }
	
	  if (!lhs_value.empty() && !rhs_value.empty()) {
	    const std::vector<std::string> lhs_lines =
	        SplitEscapedString(lhs_value);
	    const std::vector<std::string> rhs_lines =
	        SplitEscapedString(rhs_value);
	    if (lhs_lines.size() > 1 || rhs_lines.size() > 1) {
	      msg << "\nWith diff:\n"
	          << edit_distance::CreateUnifiedDiff(lhs_lines, rhs_lines);
	    }
	  }
	
	  return AssertionFailure() << msg;
	}
	
	// Constructs a failure message for Boolean assertions such as EXPECT_TRUE.
	std::string GetBoolAssertionFailureMessage(
	    const AssertionResult& assertion_result,
	    const char* expression_text,
	    const char* actual_predicate_value,
	    const char* expected_predicate_value) {
	  const char* actual_message = assertion_result.message();
	  Message msg;
	  msg << "Value of: " << expression_text
	      << "\n  Actual: " << actual_predicate_value;
	  if (actual_message[0] != '\0')
	    msg << " (" << actual_message << ")";
	  msg << "\nExpected: " << expected_predicate_value;
	  return msg.GetString();
	}
	
	// Helper function for implementing ASSERT_NEAR.
	AssertionResult DoubleNearPredFormat(const char* expr1,
	                                     const char* expr2,
	                                     const char* abs_error_expr,
	                                     double val1,
	                                     double val2,
	                                     double abs_error) {
	  const double diff = fabs(val1 - val2);
	  if (diff <= abs_error) return AssertionSuccess();
	
	  return AssertionFailure()
	      << "The difference between " << expr1 << " and " << expr2
	      << " is " << diff << ", which exceeds " << abs_error_expr << ", where\n"
	      << expr1 << " evaluates to " << val1 << ",\n"
	      << expr2 << " evaluates to " << val2 << ", and\n"
	      << abs_error_expr << " evaluates to " << abs_error << ".";
	}
	
	
	// Helper template for implementing FloatLE() and DoubleLE().
	template <typename RawType>
	AssertionResult FloatingPointLE(const char* expr1,
	                                const char* expr2,
	                                RawType val1,
	                                RawType val2) {
	  // Returns success if val1 is less than val2,
	  if (val1 < val2) {
	    return AssertionSuccess();
	  }
	
	  // or if val1 is almost equal to val2.
	  const FloatingPoint<RawType> lhs(val1), rhs(val2);
	  if (lhs.AlmostEquals(rhs)) {
	    return AssertionSuccess();
	  }
	
	  // Note that the above two checks will both fail if either val1 or
	  // val2 is NaN, as the IEEE floating-point standard requires that
	  // any predicate involving a NaN must return false.
	
	  ::std::stringstream val1_ss;
	  val1_ss << std::setprecision(std::numeric_limits<RawType>::digits10 + 2)
	          << val1;
	
	  ::std::stringstream val2_ss;
	  val2_ss << std::setprecision(std::numeric_limits<RawType>::digits10 + 2)
	          << val2;
	
	  return AssertionFailure()
	      << "Expected: (" << expr1 << ") <= (" << expr2 << ")\n"
	      << "  Actual: " << StringStreamToString(&val1_ss) << " vs "
	      << StringStreamToString(&val2_ss);
	}
	
	}  // namespace internal
	
	// Asserts that val1 is less than, or almost equal to, val2.  Fails
	// otherwise.  In particular, it fails if either val1 or val2 is NaN.
	AssertionResult FloatLE(const char* expr1, const char* expr2,
	                        float val1, float val2) {
	  return internal::FloatingPointLE<float>(expr1, expr2, val1, val2);
	}
	
	// Asserts that val1 is less than, or almost equal to, val2.  Fails
	// otherwise.  In particular, it fails if either val1 or val2 is NaN.
	AssertionResult DoubleLE(const char* expr1, const char* expr2,
	                         double val1, double val2) {
	  return internal::FloatingPointLE<double>(expr1, expr2, val1, val2);
	}
	
	namespace internal {
	
	// The helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_EQ with int or enum
	// arguments.
	AssertionResult CmpHelperEQ(const char* lhs_expression,
	                            const char* rhs_expression,
	                            BiggestInt lhs,
	                            BiggestInt rhs) {
	  if (lhs == rhs) {
	    return AssertionSuccess();
	  }
	
	  return EqFailure(lhs_expression,
	                   rhs_expression,
	                   FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(lhs, rhs),
	                   FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(rhs, lhs),
	                   false);
	}
	
	// A macro for implementing the helper functions needed to implement
	// ASSERT_?? and EXPECT_?? with integer or enum arguments.  It is here
	// just to avoid copy-and-paste of similar code.
	#define GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_(op_name, op)\
	AssertionResult CmpHelper##op_name(const char* expr1, const char* expr2, \
	                                   BiggestInt val1, BiggestInt val2) {\
	  if (val1 op val2) {\
	    return AssertionSuccess();\
	  } else {\
	    return AssertionFailure() \
	        << "Expected: (" << expr1 << ") " #op " (" << expr2\
	        << "), actual: " << FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(val1, val2)\
	        << " vs " << FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(val2, val1);\
	  }\
	}
	
	// Implements the helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_NE with int or
	// enum arguments.
	GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_(NE, !=)
	// Implements the helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_LE with int or
	// enum arguments.
	GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_(LE, <=)
	// Implements the helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_LT with int or
	// enum arguments.
	GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_(LT, < )
	// Implements the helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_GE with int or
	// enum arguments.
	GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_(GE, >=)
	// Implements the helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_GT with int or
	// enum arguments.
	GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_(GT, > )
	
	#undef GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_
	
	// The helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_STREQ.
	AssertionResult CmpHelperSTREQ(const char* lhs_expression,
	                               const char* rhs_expression,
	                               const char* lhs,
	                               const char* rhs) {
	  if (String::CStringEquals(lhs, rhs)) {
	    return AssertionSuccess();
	  }
	
	  return EqFailure(lhs_expression,
	                   rhs_expression,
	                   PrintToString(lhs),
	                   PrintToString(rhs),
	                   false);
	}
	
	// The helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_STRCASEEQ.
	AssertionResult CmpHelperSTRCASEEQ(const char* lhs_expression,
	                                   const char* rhs_expression,
	                                   const char* lhs,
	                                   const char* rhs) {
	  if (String::CaseInsensitiveCStringEquals(lhs, rhs)) {
	    return AssertionSuccess();
	  }
	
	  return EqFailure(lhs_expression,
	                   rhs_expression,
	                   PrintToString(lhs),
	                   PrintToString(rhs),
	                   true);
	}
	
	// The helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_STRNE.
	AssertionResult CmpHelperSTRNE(const char* s1_expression,
	                               const char* s2_expression,
	                               const char* s1,
	                               const char* s2) {
	  if (!String::CStringEquals(s1, s2)) {
	    return AssertionSuccess();
	  } else {
	    return AssertionFailure() << "Expected: (" << s1_expression << ") != ("
	                              << s2_expression << "), actual: \""
	                              << s1 << "\" vs \"" << s2 << "\"";
	  }
	}
	
	// The helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_STRCASENE.
	AssertionResult CmpHelperSTRCASENE(const char* s1_expression,
	                                   const char* s2_expression,
	                                   const char* s1,
	                                   const char* s2) {
	  if (!String::CaseInsensitiveCStringEquals(s1, s2)) {
	    return AssertionSuccess();
	  } else {
	    return AssertionFailure()
	        << "Expected: (" << s1_expression << ") != ("
	        << s2_expression << ") (ignoring case), actual: \""
	        << s1 << "\" vs \"" << s2 << "\"";
	  }
	}
	
	}  // namespace internal
	
	namespace {
	
	// Helper functions for implementing IsSubString() and IsNotSubstring().
	
	// This group of overloaded functions return true if needle is a
	// substring of haystack.  NULL is considered a substring of itself
	// only.
	
	bool IsSubstringPred(const char* needle, const char* haystack) {
	  if (needle == nullptr || haystack == nullptr) return needle == haystack;
	
	  return strstr(haystack, needle) != nullptr;
	}
	
	bool IsSubstringPred(const wchar_t* needle, const wchar_t* haystack) {
	  if (needle == nullptr || haystack == nullptr) return needle == haystack;
	
	  return wcsstr(haystack, needle) != nullptr;
	}
	
	// StringType here can be either ::std::string or ::std::wstring.
	template <typename StringType>
	bool IsSubstringPred(const StringType& needle,
	                     const StringType& haystack) {
	  return haystack.find(needle) != StringType::npos;
	}
	
	// This function implements either IsSubstring() or IsNotSubstring(),
	// depending on the value of the expected_to_be_substring parameter.
	// StringType here can be const char*, const wchar_t*, ::std::string,
	// or ::std::wstring.
	template <typename StringType>
	AssertionResult IsSubstringImpl(
	    bool expected_to_be_substring,
	    const char* needle_expr, const char* haystack_expr,
	    const StringType& needle, const StringType& haystack) {
	  if (IsSubstringPred(needle, haystack) == expected_to_be_substring)
	    return AssertionSuccess();
	
	  const bool is_wide_string = sizeof(needle[0]) > 1;
	  const char* const begin_string_quote = is_wide_string ? "L\"" : "\"";
	  return AssertionFailure()
	      << "Value of: " << needle_expr << "\n"
	      << "  Actual: " << begin_string_quote << needle << "\"\n"
	      << "Expected: " << (expected_to_be_substring ? "" : "not ")
	      << "a substring of " << haystack_expr << "\n"
	      << "Which is: " << begin_string_quote << haystack << "\"";
	}
	
	}  // namespace
	
	// IsSubstring() and IsNotSubstring() check whether needle is a
	// substring of haystack (NULL is considered a substring of itself
	// only), and return an appropriate error message when they fail.
	
	AssertionResult IsSubstring(
	    const char* needle_expr, const char* haystack_expr,
	    const char* needle, const char* haystack) {
	  return IsSubstringImpl(true, needle_expr, haystack_expr, needle, haystack);
	}
	
	AssertionResult IsSubstring(
	    const char* needle_expr, const char* haystack_expr,
	    const wchar_t* needle, const wchar_t* haystack) {
	  return IsSubstringImpl(true, needle_expr, haystack_expr, needle, haystack);
	}
	
	AssertionResult IsNotSubstring(
	    const char* needle_expr, const char* haystack_expr,
	    const char* needle, const char* haystack) {
	  return IsSubstringImpl(false, needle_expr, haystack_expr, needle, haystack);
	}
	
	AssertionResult IsNotSubstring(
	    const char* needle_expr, const char* haystack_expr,
	    const wchar_t* needle, const wchar_t* haystack) {
	  return IsSubstringImpl(false, needle_expr, haystack_expr, needle, haystack);
	}
	
	AssertionResult IsSubstring(
	    const char* needle_expr, const char* haystack_expr,
	    const ::std::string& needle, const ::std::string& haystack) {
	  return IsSubstringImpl(true, needle_expr, haystack_expr, needle, haystack);
	}
	
	AssertionResult IsNotSubstring(
	    const char* needle_expr, const char* haystack_expr,
	    const ::std::string& needle, const ::std::string& haystack) {
	  return IsSubstringImpl(false, needle_expr, haystack_expr, needle, haystack);
	}
	
	#if GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
	AssertionResult IsSubstring(
	    const char* needle_expr, const char* haystack_expr,
	    const ::std::wstring& needle, const ::std::wstring& haystack) {
	  return IsSubstringImpl(true, needle_expr, haystack_expr, needle, haystack);
	}
	
	AssertionResult IsNotSubstring(
	    const char* needle_expr, const char* haystack_expr,
	    const ::std::wstring& needle, const ::std::wstring& haystack) {
	  return IsSubstringImpl(false, needle_expr, haystack_expr, needle, haystack);
	}
	#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
	
	namespace internal {
	
	#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
	
	namespace {
	
	// Helper function for IsHRESULT{SuccessFailure} predicates
	AssertionResult HRESULTFailureHelper(const char* expr,
	                                     const char* expected,
	                                     long hr) {  // NOLINT
	# if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE || GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_TV_TITLE
	
	  // Windows CE doesn't support FormatMessage.
	  const char error_text[] = "";
	
	# else
	
	  // Looks up the human-readable system message for the HRESULT code
	  // and since we're not passing any params to FormatMessage, we don't
	  // want inserts expanded.
	  const DWORD kFlags = FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM |
	                       FORMAT_MESSAGE_IGNORE_INSERTS;
	  const DWORD kBufSize = 4096;
	  // Gets the system's human readable message string for this HRESULT.
	  char error_text[kBufSize] = { '\0' };
	  DWORD message_length = ::FormatMessageA(kFlags,
	                                          0,   // no source, we're asking system
	                                          static_cast<DWORD>(hr),  // the error
	                                          0,   // no line width restrictions
	                                          error_text,  // output buffer
	                                          kBufSize,    // buf size
	                                          nullptr);  // no arguments for inserts
	  // Trims tailing white space (FormatMessage leaves a trailing CR-LF)
	  for (; message_length && IsSpace(error_text[message_length - 1]);
	          --message_length) {
	    error_text[message_length - 1] = '\0';
	  }
	
	# endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
	
	  const std::string error_hex("0x" + String::FormatHexInt(hr));
	  return ::testing::AssertionFailure()
	      << "Expected: " << expr << " " << expected << ".\n"
	      << "  Actual: " << error_hex << " " << error_text << "\n";
	}
	
	}  // namespace
	
	AssertionResult IsHRESULTSuccess(const char* expr, long hr) {  // NOLINT
	  if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) {
	    return AssertionSuccess();
	  }
	  return HRESULTFailureHelper(expr, "succeeds", hr);
	}
	
	AssertionResult IsHRESULTFailure(const char* expr, long hr) {  // NOLINT
	  if (FAILED(hr)) {
	    return AssertionSuccess();
	  }
	  return HRESULTFailureHelper(expr, "fails", hr);
	}
	
	#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
	
	// Utility functions for encoding Unicode text (wide strings) in
	// UTF-8.
	
	// A Unicode code-point can have up to 21 bits, and is encoded in UTF-8
	// like this:
	//
	// Code-point length   Encoding
	//   0 -  7 bits       0xxxxxxx
	//   8 - 11 bits       110xxxxx 10xxxxxx
	//  12 - 16 bits       1110xxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx
	//  17 - 21 bits       11110xxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx
	
	// The maximum code-point a one-byte UTF-8 sequence can represent.
	const UInt32 kMaxCodePoint1 = (static_cast<UInt32>(1) <<  7) - 1;
	
	// The maximum code-point a two-byte UTF-8 sequence can represent.
	const UInt32 kMaxCodePoint2 = (static_cast<UInt32>(1) << (5 + 6)) - 1;
	
	// The maximum code-point a three-byte UTF-8 sequence can represent.
	const UInt32 kMaxCodePoint3 = (static_cast<UInt32>(1) << (4 + 2*6)) - 1;
	
	// The maximum code-point a four-byte UTF-8 sequence can represent.
	const UInt32 kMaxCodePoint4 = (static_cast<UInt32>(1) << (3 + 3*6)) - 1;
	
	// Chops off the n lowest bits from a bit pattern.  Returns the n
	// lowest bits.  As a side effect, the original bit pattern will be
	// shifted to the right by n bits.
	inline UInt32 ChopLowBits(UInt32* bits, int n) {
	  const UInt32 low_bits = *bits & ((static_cast<UInt32>(1) << n) - 1);
	  *bits >>= n;
	  return low_bits;
	}
	
	// Converts a Unicode code point to a narrow string in UTF-8 encoding.
	// code_point parameter is of type UInt32 because wchar_t may not be
	// wide enough to contain a code point.
	// If the code_point is not a valid Unicode code point
	// (i.e. outside of Unicode range U+0 to U+10FFFF) it will be converted
	// to "(Invalid Unicode 0xXXXXXXXX)".
	std::string CodePointToUtf8(UInt32 code_point) {
	  if (code_point > kMaxCodePoint4) {
	    return "(Invalid Unicode 0x" + String::FormatHexUInt32(code_point) + ")";
	  }
	
	  char str[5];  // Big enough for the largest valid code point.
	  if (code_point <= kMaxCodePoint1) {
	    str[1] = '\0';
	    str[0] = static_cast<char>(code_point);                          // 0xxxxxxx
	  } else if (code_point <= kMaxCodePoint2) {
	    str[2] = '\0';
	    str[1] = static_cast<char>(0x80 | ChopLowBits(&code_point, 6));  // 10xxxxxx
	    str[0] = static_cast<char>(0xC0 | code_point);                   // 110xxxxx
	  } else if (code_point <= kMaxCodePoint3) {
	    str[3] = '\0';
	    str[2] = static_cast<char>(0x80 | ChopLowBits(&code_point, 6));  // 10xxxxxx
	    str[1] = static_cast<char>(0x80 | ChopLowBits(&code_point, 6));  // 10xxxxxx
	    str[0] = static_cast<char>(0xE0 | code_point);                   // 1110xxxx
	  } else {  // code_point <= kMaxCodePoint4
	    str[4] = '\0';
	    str[3] = static_cast<char>(0x80 | ChopLowBits(&code_point, 6));  // 10xxxxxx
	    str[2] = static_cast<char>(0x80 | ChopLowBits(&code_point, 6));  // 10xxxxxx
	    str[1] = static_cast<char>(0x80 | ChopLowBits(&code_point, 6));  // 10xxxxxx
	    str[0] = static_cast<char>(0xF0 | code_point);                   // 11110xxx
	  }
	  return str;
	}
	
	// The following two functions only make sense if the system
	// uses UTF-16 for wide string encoding. All supported systems
	// with 16 bit wchar_t (Windows, Cygwin) do use UTF-16.
	
	// Determines if the arguments constitute UTF-16 surrogate pair
	// and thus should be combined into a single Unicode code point
	// using CreateCodePointFromUtf16SurrogatePair.
	inline bool IsUtf16SurrogatePair(wchar_t first, wchar_t second) {
	  return sizeof(wchar_t) == 2 &&
	      (first & 0xFC00) == 0xD800 && (second & 0xFC00) == 0xDC00;
	}
	
	// Creates a Unicode code point from UTF16 surrogate pair.
	inline UInt32 CreateCodePointFromUtf16SurrogatePair(wchar_t first,
	                                                    wchar_t second) {
	  const auto first_u = static_cast<UInt32>(first);
	  const auto second_u = static_cast<UInt32>(second);
	  const UInt32 mask = (1 << 10) - 1;
	  return (sizeof(wchar_t) == 2)
	             ? (((first_u & mask) << 10) | (second_u & mask)) + 0x10000
	             :
	             // This function should not be called when the condition is
	             // false, but we provide a sensible default in case it is.
	             first_u;
	}
	
	// Converts a wide string to a narrow string in UTF-8 encoding.
	// The wide string is assumed to have the following encoding:
	//   UTF-16 if sizeof(wchar_t) == 2 (on Windows, Cygwin)
	//   UTF-32 if sizeof(wchar_t) == 4 (on Linux)
	// Parameter str points to a null-terminated wide string.
	// Parameter num_chars may additionally limit the number
	// of wchar_t characters processed. -1 is used when the entire string
	// should be processed.
	// If the string contains code points that are not valid Unicode code points
	// (i.e. outside of Unicode range U+0 to U+10FFFF) they will be output
	// as '(Invalid Unicode 0xXXXXXXXX)'. If the string is in UTF16 encoding
	// and contains invalid UTF-16 surrogate pairs, values in those pairs
	// will be encoded as individual Unicode characters from Basic Normal Plane.
	std::string WideStringToUtf8(const wchar_t* str, int num_chars) {
	  if (num_chars == -1)
	    num_chars = static_cast<int>(wcslen(str));
	
	  ::std::stringstream stream;
	  for (int i = 0; i < num_chars; ++i) {
	    UInt32 unicode_code_point;
	
	    if (str[i] == L'\0') {
	      break;
	    } else if (i + 1 < num_chars && IsUtf16SurrogatePair(str[i], str[i + 1])) {
	      unicode_code_point = CreateCodePointFromUtf16SurrogatePair(str[i],
	                                                                 str[i + 1]);
	      i++;
	    } else {
	      unicode_code_point = static_cast<UInt32>(str[i]);
	    }
	
	    stream << CodePointToUtf8(unicode_code_point);
	  }
	  return StringStreamToString(&stream);
	}
	
	// Converts a wide C string to an std::string using the UTF-8 encoding.
	// NULL will be converted to "(null)".
	std::string String::ShowWideCString(const wchar_t * wide_c_str) {
	  if (wide_c_str == nullptr) return "(null)";
	
	  return internal::WideStringToUtf8(wide_c_str, -1);
	}
	
	// Compares two wide C strings.  Returns true if they have the same
	// content.
	//
	// Unlike wcscmp(), this function can handle NULL argument(s).  A NULL
	// C string is considered different to any non-NULL C string,
	// including the empty string.
	bool String::WideCStringEquals(const wchar_t * lhs, const wchar_t * rhs) {
	  if (lhs == nullptr) return rhs == nullptr;
	
	  if (rhs == nullptr) return false;
	
	  return wcscmp(lhs, rhs) == 0;
	}
	
	// Helper function for *_STREQ on wide strings.
	AssertionResult CmpHelperSTREQ(const char* lhs_expression,
	                               const char* rhs_expression,
	                               const wchar_t* lhs,
	                               const wchar_t* rhs) {
	  if (String::WideCStringEquals(lhs, rhs)) {
	    return AssertionSuccess();
	  }
	
	  return EqFailure(lhs_expression,
	                   rhs_expression,
	                   PrintToString(lhs),
	                   PrintToString(rhs),
	                   false);
	}
	
	// Helper function for *_STRNE on wide strings.
	AssertionResult CmpHelperSTRNE(const char* s1_expression,
	                               const char* s2_expression,
	                               const wchar_t* s1,
	                               const wchar_t* s2) {
	  if (!String::WideCStringEquals(s1, s2)) {
	    return AssertionSuccess();
	  }
	
	  return AssertionFailure() << "Expected: (" << s1_expression << ") != ("
	                            << s2_expression << "), actual: "
	                            << PrintToString(s1)
	                            << " vs " << PrintToString(s2);
	}
	
	// Compares two C strings, ignoring case.  Returns true if they have
	// the same content.
	//
	// Unlike strcasecmp(), this function can handle NULL argument(s).  A
	// NULL C string is considered different to any non-NULL C string,
	// including the empty string.
	bool String::CaseInsensitiveCStringEquals(const char * lhs, const char * rhs) {
	  if (lhs == nullptr) return rhs == nullptr;
	  if (rhs == nullptr) return false;
	  return posix::StrCaseCmp(lhs, rhs) == 0;
	}
	
	  // Compares two wide C strings, ignoring case.  Returns true if they
	  // have the same content.
	  //
	  // Unlike wcscasecmp(), this function can handle NULL argument(s).
	  // A NULL C string is considered different to any non-NULL wide C string,
	  // including the empty string.
	  // NB: The implementations on different platforms slightly differ.
	  // On windows, this method uses _wcsicmp which compares according to LC_CTYPE
	  // environment variable. On GNU platform this method uses wcscasecmp
	  // which compares according to LC_CTYPE category of the current locale.
	  // On MacOS X, it uses towlower, which also uses LC_CTYPE category of the
	  // current locale.
	bool String::CaseInsensitiveWideCStringEquals(const wchar_t* lhs,
	                                              const wchar_t* rhs) {
	  if (lhs == nullptr) return rhs == nullptr;
	
	  if (rhs == nullptr) return false;
	
	#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
	  return _wcsicmp(lhs, rhs) == 0;
	#elif GTEST_OS_LINUX && !GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID
	  return wcscasecmp(lhs, rhs) == 0;
	#else
	  // Android, Mac OS X and Cygwin don't define wcscasecmp.
	  // Other unknown OSes may not define it either.
	  wint_t left, right;
	  do {
	    left = towlower(static_cast<wint_t>(*lhs++));
	    right = towlower(static_cast<wint_t>(*rhs++));
	  } while (left && left == right);
	  return left == right;
	#endif  // OS selector
	}
	
	// Returns true if str ends with the given suffix, ignoring case.
	// Any string is considered to end with an empty suffix.
	bool String::EndsWithCaseInsensitive(
	    const std::string& str, const std::string& suffix) {
	  const size_t str_len = str.length();
	  const size_t suffix_len = suffix.length();
	  return (str_len >= suffix_len) &&
	         CaseInsensitiveCStringEquals(str.c_str() + str_len - suffix_len,
	                                      suffix.c_str());
	}
	
	// Formats an int value as "%02d".
	std::string String::FormatIntWidth2(int value) {
	  std::stringstream ss;
	  ss << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(2) << value;
	  return ss.str();
	}
	
	// Formats an int value as "%X".
	std::string String::FormatHexUInt32(UInt32 value) {
	  std::stringstream ss;
	  ss << std::hex << std::uppercase << value;
	  return ss.str();
	}
	
	// Formats an int value as "%X".
	std::string String::FormatHexInt(int value) {
	  return FormatHexUInt32(static_cast<UInt32>(value));
	}
	
	// Formats a byte as "%02X".
	std::string String::FormatByte(unsigned char value) {
	  std::stringstream ss;
	  ss << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(2) << std::hex << std::uppercase
	     << static_cast<unsigned int>(value);
	  return ss.str();
	}
	
	// Converts the buffer in a stringstream to an std::string, converting NUL
	// bytes to "\\0" along the way.
	std::string StringStreamToString(::std::stringstream* ss) {
	  const ::std::string& str = ss->str();
	  const char* const start = str.c_str();
	  const char* const end = start + str.length();
	
	  std::string result;
	  result.reserve(static_cast<size_t>(2 * (end - start)));
	  for (const char* ch = start; ch != end; ++ch) {
	    if (*ch == '\0') {
	      result += "\\0";  // Replaces NUL with "\\0";
	    } else {
	      result += *ch;
	    }
	  }
	
	  return result;
	}
	
	// Appends the user-supplied message to the Google-Test-generated message.
	std::string AppendUserMessage(const std::string& gtest_msg,
	                              const Message& user_msg) {
	  // Appends the user message if it's non-empty.
	  const std::string user_msg_string = user_msg.GetString();
	  if (user_msg_string.empty()) {
	    return gtest_msg;
	  }
	
	  return gtest_msg + "\n" + user_msg_string;
	}
	
	}  // namespace internal
	
	// class TestResult
	
	// Creates an empty TestResult.
	TestResult::TestResult()
	    : death_test_count_(0), start_timestamp_(0), elapsed_time_(0) {}
	
	// D'tor.
	TestResult::~TestResult() {
	}
	
	// Returns the i-th test part result among all the results. i can
	// range from 0 to total_part_count() - 1. If i is not in that range,
	// aborts the program.
	const TestPartResult& TestResult::GetTestPartResult(int i) const {
	  if (i < 0 || i >= total_part_count())
	    internal::posix::Abort();
	  return test_part_results_.at(static_cast<size_t>(i));
	}
	
	// Returns the i-th test property. i can range from 0 to
	// test_property_count() - 1. If i is not in that range, aborts the
	// program.
	const TestProperty& TestResult::GetTestProperty(int i) const {
	  if (i < 0 || i >= test_property_count())
	    internal::posix::Abort();
	  return test_properties_.at(static_cast<size_t>(i));
	}
	
	// Clears the test part results.
	void TestResult::ClearTestPartResults() {
	  test_part_results_.clear();
	}
	
	// Adds a test part result to the list.
	void TestResult::AddTestPartResult(const TestPartResult& test_part_result) {
	  test_part_results_.push_back(test_part_result);
	}
	
	// Adds a test property to the list. If a property with the same key as the
	// supplied property is already represented, the value of this test_property
	// replaces the old value for that key.
	void TestResult::RecordProperty(const std::string& xml_element,
	                                const TestProperty& test_property) {
	  if (!ValidateTestProperty(xml_element, test_property)) {
	    return;
	  }
	  internal::MutexLock lock(&test_properites_mutex_);
	  const std::vector<TestProperty>::iterator property_with_matching_key =
	      std::find_if(test_properties_.begin(), test_properties_.end(),
	                   internal::TestPropertyKeyIs(test_property.key()));
	  if (property_with_matching_key == test_properties_.end()) {
	    test_properties_.push_back(test_property);
	    return;
	  }
	  property_with_matching_key->SetValue(test_property.value());
	}
	
	// The list of reserved attributes used in the <testsuites> element of XML
	// output.
	static const char* const kReservedTestSuitesAttributes[] = {
	  "disabled",
	  "errors",
	  "failures",
	  "name",
	  "random_seed",
	  "tests",
	  "time",
	  "timestamp"
	};
	
	// The list of reserved attributes used in the <testsuite> element of XML
	// output.
	static const char* const kReservedTestSuiteAttributes[] = {
	    "disabled", "errors", "failures", "name", "tests", "time", "timestamp"};
	
	// The list of reserved attributes used in the <testcase> element of XML output.
	static const char* const kReservedTestCaseAttributes[] = {
	    "classname",   "name", "status", "time",  "type_param",
	    "value_param", "file", "line"};
	
	// Use a slightly different set for allowed output to ensure existing tests can
	// still RecordProperty("result") or "RecordProperty(timestamp")
	static const char* const kReservedOutputTestCaseAttributes[] = {
	    "classname",   "name", "status", "time",   "type_param",
	    "value_param", "file", "line",   "result", "timestamp"};
	
	template <int kSize>
	std::vector<std::string> ArrayAsVector(const char* const (&array)[kSize]) {
	  return std::vector<std::string>(array, array + kSize);
	}
	
	static std::vector<std::string> GetReservedAttributesForElement(
	    const std::string& xml_element) {
	  if (xml_element == "testsuites") {
	    return ArrayAsVector(kReservedTestSuitesAttributes);
	  } else if (xml_element == "testsuite") {
	    return ArrayAsVector(kReservedTestSuiteAttributes);
	  } else if (xml_element == "testcase") {
	    return ArrayAsVector(kReservedTestCaseAttributes);
	  } else {
	    GTEST_CHECK_(false) << "Unrecognized xml_element provided: " << xml_element;
	  }
	  // This code is unreachable but some compilers may not realizes that.
	  return std::vector<std::string>();
	}
	
	// TODO(jdesprez): Merge the two getReserved attributes once skip is improved
	static std::vector<std::string> GetReservedOutputAttributesForElement(
	    const std::string& xml_element) {
	  if (xml_element == "testsuites") {
	    return ArrayAsVector(kReservedTestSuitesAttributes);
	  } else if (xml_element == "testsuite") {
	    return ArrayAsVector(kReservedTestSuiteAttributes);
	  } else if (xml_element == "testcase") {
	    return ArrayAsVector(kReservedOutputTestCaseAttributes);
	  } else {
	    GTEST_CHECK_(false) << "Unrecognized xml_element provided: " << xml_element;
	  }
	  // This code is unreachable but some compilers may not realizes that.
	  return std::vector<std::string>();
	}
	
	static std::string FormatWordList(const std::vector<std::string>& words) {
	  Message word_list;
	  for (size_t i = 0; i < words.size(); ++i) {
	    if (i > 0 && words.size() > 2) {
	      word_list << ", ";
	    }
	    if (i == words.size() - 1) {
	      word_list << "and ";
	    }
	    word_list << "'" << words[i] << "'";
	  }
	  return word_list.GetString();
	}
	
	static bool ValidateTestPropertyName(
	    const std::string& property_name,
	    const std::vector<std::string>& reserved_names) {
	  if (std::find(reserved_names.begin(), reserved_names.end(), property_name) !=
	          reserved_names.end()) {
	    ADD_FAILURE() << "Reserved key used in RecordProperty(): " << property_name
	                  << " (" << FormatWordList(reserved_names)
	                  << " are reserved by " << GTEST_NAME_ << ")";
	    return false;
	  }
	  return true;
	}
	
	// Adds a failure if the key is a reserved attribute of the element named
	// xml_element.  Returns true if the property is valid.
	bool TestResult::ValidateTestProperty(const std::string& xml_element,
	                                      const TestProperty& test_property) {
	  return ValidateTestPropertyName(test_property.key(),
	                                  GetReservedAttributesForElement(xml_element));
	}
	
	// Clears the object.
	void TestResult::Clear() {
	  test_part_results_.clear();
	  test_properties_.clear();
	  death_test_count_ = 0;
	  elapsed_time_ = 0;
	}
	
	// Returns true off the test part was skipped.
	static bool TestPartSkipped(const TestPartResult& result) {
	  return result.skipped();
	}
	
	// Returns true if the test was skipped.
	bool TestResult::Skipped() const {
	  return !Failed() && CountIf(test_part_results_, TestPartSkipped) > 0;
	}
	
	// Returns true if the test failed.
	bool TestResult::Failed() const {
	  for (int i = 0; i < total_part_count(); ++i) {
	    if (GetTestPartResult(i).failed())
	      return true;
	  }
	  return false;
	}
	
	// Returns true if the test part fatally failed.
	static bool TestPartFatallyFailed(const TestPartResult& result) {
	  return result.fatally_failed();
	}
	
	// Returns true if the test fatally failed.
	bool TestResult::HasFatalFailure() const {
	  return CountIf(test_part_results_, TestPartFatallyFailed) > 0;
	}
	
	// Returns true if the test part non-fatally failed.
	static bool TestPartNonfatallyFailed(const TestPartResult& result) {
	  return result.nonfatally_failed();
	}
	
	// Returns true if the test has a non-fatal failure.
	bool TestResult::HasNonfatalFailure() const {
	  return CountIf(test_part_results_, TestPartNonfatallyFailed) > 0;
	}
	
	// Gets the number of all test parts.  This is the sum of the number
	// of successful test parts and the number of failed test parts.
	int TestResult::total_part_count() const {
	  return static_cast<int>(test_part_results_.size());
	}
	
	// Returns the number of the test properties.
	int TestResult::test_property_count() const {
	  return static_cast<int>(test_properties_.size());
	}
	
	// class Test
	
	// Creates a Test object.
	
	// The c'tor saves the states of all flags.
	Test::Test()
	    : gtest_flag_saver_(new GTEST_FLAG_SAVER_) {
	}
	
	// The d'tor restores the states of all flags.  The actual work is
	// done by the d'tor of the gtest_flag_saver_ field, and thus not
	// visible here.
	Test::~Test() {
	}
	
	// Sets up the test fixture.
	//
	// A sub-class may override this.
	void Test::SetUp() {
	}
	
	// Tears down the test fixture.
	//
	// A sub-class may override this.
	void Test::TearDown() {
	}
	
	// Allows user supplied key value pairs to be recorded for later output.
	void Test::RecordProperty(const std::string& key, const std::string& value) {
	  UnitTest::GetInstance()->RecordProperty(key, value);
	}
	
	// Allows user supplied key value pairs to be recorded for later output.
	void Test::RecordProperty(const std::string& key, int value) {
	  Message value_message;
	  value_message << value;
	  RecordProperty(key, value_message.GetString().c_str());
	}
	
	namespace internal {
	
	void ReportFailureInUnknownLocation(TestPartResult::Type result_type,
	                                    const std::string& message) {
	  // This function is a friend of UnitTest and as such has access to
	  // AddTestPartResult.

	  UnitTest::GetInstance()->AddTestPartResult(
	      result_type,
	      nullptr,  // No info about the source file where the exception occurred.
	      -1,       // We have no info on which line caused the exception.
	      message,
	      "");  // No stack trace, either.
	}
	
	}  // namespace internal
	
	// Google Test requires all tests in the same test suite to use the same test
	// fixture class.  This function checks if the current test has the
	// same fixture class as the first test in the current test suite.  If
	// yes, it returns true; otherwise it generates a Google Test failure and
	// returns false.
	bool Test::HasSameFixtureClass() {
	  internal::UnitTestImpl* const impl = internal::GetUnitTestImpl();
	  const TestSuite* const test_suite = impl->current_test_suite();
	
	  // Info about the first test in the current test suite.
	  const TestInfo* const first_test_info = test_suite->test_info_list()[0];
	  const internal::TypeId first_fixture_id = first_test_info->fixture_class_id_;
	  const char* const first_test_name = first_test_info->name();
	
	  // Info about the current test.
	  const TestInfo* const this_test_info = impl->current_test_info();
	  const internal::TypeId this_fixture_id = this_test_info->fixture_class_id_;
	  const char* const this_test_name = this_test_info->name();
	
	  if (this_fixture_id != first_fixture_id) {
	    // Is the first test defined using TEST?
	    const bool first_is_TEST = first_fixture_id == internal::GetTestTypeId();
	    // Is this test defined using TEST?
	    const bool this_is_TEST = this_fixture_id == internal::GetTestTypeId();
	
	    if (first_is_TEST || this_is_TEST) {
	      // Both TEST and TEST_F appear in same test suite, which is incorrect.
	      // Tell the user how to fix this.
	
	      // Gets the name of the TEST and the name of the TEST_F.  Note
	      // that first_is_TEST and this_is_TEST cannot both be true, as
	      // the fixture IDs are different for the two tests.
	      const char* const TEST_name =
	          first_is_TEST ? first_test_name : this_test_name;
	      const char* const TEST_F_name =
	          first_is_TEST ? this_test_name : first_test_name;
	
	      ADD_FAILURE()
	          << "All tests in the same test suite must use the same test fixture\n"
	          << "class, so mixing TEST_F and TEST in the same test suite is\n"
	          << "illegal.  In test suite " << this_test_info->test_suite_name()
	          << ",\n"
	          << "test " << TEST_F_name << " is defined using TEST_F but\n"
	          << "test " << TEST_name << " is defined using TEST.  You probably\n"
	          << "want to change the TEST to TEST_F or move it to another test\n"
	          << "case.";
	    } else {
	      // Two fixture classes with the same name appear in two different
	      // namespaces, which is not allowed. Tell the user how to fix this.
	      ADD_FAILURE()
	          << "All tests in the same test suite must use the same test fixture\n"
	          << "class.  However, in test suite "
	          << this_test_info->test_suite_name() << ",\n"
	          << "you defined test " << first_test_name << " and test "
	          << this_test_name << "\n"
	          << "using two different test fixture classes.  This can happen if\n"
	          << "the two classes are from different namespaces or translation\n"
	          << "units and have the same name.  You should probably rename one\n"
	          << "of the classes to put the tests into different test suites.";
	    }
	    return false;
	  }
	
	  return true;
	}
	
	#if GTEST_HAS_SEH
	
	// Adds an "exception thrown" fatal failure to the current test.  This
	// function returns its result via an output parameter pointer because VC++
	// prohibits creation of objects with destructors on stack in functions
	// using __try (see error C2712).
	static std::string* FormatSehExceptionMessage(DWORD exception_code,
	                                              const char* location) {
	  Message message;
	  message << "SEH exception with code 0x" << std::setbase(16) <<
	    exception_code << std::setbase(10) << " thrown in " << location << ".";
	
	  return new std::string(message.GetString());
	}
	
	#endif  // GTEST_HAS_SEH
	
	namespace internal {
	
	#if GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
	
	// Adds an "exception thrown" fatal failure to the current test.
	static std::string FormatCxxExceptionMessage(const char* description,
	                                             const char* location) {
	  Message message;
	  if (description != nullptr) {
	    message << "C++ exception with description \"" << description << "\"";
	  } else {
	    message << "Unknown C++ exception";
	  }
	  message << " thrown in " << location << ".";
	
	  return message.GetString();
	}
	
	static std::string PrintTestPartResultToString(
	    const TestPartResult& test_part_result);
	
	GoogleTestFailureException::GoogleTestFailureException(
	    const TestPartResult& failure)
	    : ::std::runtime_error(PrintTestPartResultToString(failure).c_str()) {}
	
	#endif  // GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
	
	// We put these helper functions in the internal namespace as IBM's xlC
	// compiler rejects the code if they were declared static.
	
	// Runs the given method and handles SEH exceptions it throws, when
	// SEH is supported; returns the 0-value for type Result in case of an
	// SEH exception.  (Microsoft compilers cannot handle SEH and C++
	// exceptions in the same function.  Therefore, we provide a separate
	// wrapper function for handling SEH exceptions.)
	template <class T, typename Result>
	Result HandleSehExceptionsInMethodIfSupported(
	    T* object, Result (T::*method)(), const char* location) {
	#if GTEST_HAS_SEH
	  __try {
	    return (object->*method)();
	  } __except (internal::UnitTestOptions::GTestShouldProcessSEH(  // NOLINT
	      GetExceptionCode())) {
	    // We create the exception message on the heap because VC++ prohibits
	    // creation of objects with destructors on stack in functions using __try
	    // (see error C2712).
	    std::string* exception_message = FormatSehExceptionMessage(
	        GetExceptionCode(), location);
	    internal::ReportFailureInUnknownLocation(TestPartResult::kFatalFailure,
	                                             *exception_message);
	    delete exception_message;
	    return static_cast<Result>(0);
	  }
	#else
	  (void)location;
	  return (object->*method)();
	#endif  // GTEST_HAS_SEH
	}
	
	// Runs the given method and catches and reports C++ and/or SEH-style
	// exceptions, if they are supported; returns the 0-value for type
	// Result in case of an SEH exception.
	template <class T, typename Result>
	Result HandleExceptionsInMethodIfSupported(
	    T* object, Result (T::*method)(), const char* location) {
	  // NOTE: The user code can affect the way in which Google Test handles
	  // exceptions by setting GTEST_FLAG(catch_exceptions), but only before
	  // RUN_ALL_TESTS() starts. It is technically possible to check the flag
	  // after the exception is caught and either report or re-throw the
	  // exception based on the flag's value:
	  //
	  // try {
	  //   // Perform the test method.
	  // } catch (...) {
	  //   if (GTEST_FLAG(catch_exceptions))
	  //     // Report the exception as failure.
	  //   else
	  //     throw;  // Re-throws the original exception.
	  // }
	  //
	  // However, the purpose of this flag is to allow the program to drop into
	  // the debugger when the exception is thrown. On most platforms, once the
	  // control enters the catch block, the exception origin information is
	  // lost and the debugger will stop the program at the point of the
	  // re-throw in this function -- instead of at the point of the original
	  // throw statement in the code under test.  For this reason, we perform
	  // the check early, sacrificing the ability to affect Google Test's
	  // exception handling in the method where the exception is thrown.
	  if (internal::GetUnitTestImpl()->catch_exceptions()) {
	#if GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
	    try {
	      return HandleSehExceptionsInMethodIfSupported(object, method, location);
	    } catch (const AssertionException&) {  // NOLINT
	      // This failure was reported already.
	    } catch (const internal::GoogleTestFailureException&) {  // NOLINT
	      // This exception type can only be thrown by a failed Google
	      // Test assertion with the intention of letting another testing
	      // framework catch it.  Therefore we just re-throw it.
	      throw;
	    } catch (const std::exception& e) {  // NOLINT

	      internal::ReportFailureInUnknownLocation(
	          TestPartResult::kFatalFailure,
	          FormatCxxExceptionMessage(e.what(), location));
	    } catch (...) {  // NOLINT
	      internal::ReportFailureInUnknownLocation(
	          TestPartResult::kFatalFailure,
	          FormatCxxExceptionMessage(nullptr, location));
	    }
	    return static_cast<Result>(0);
	#else
	    return HandleSehExceptionsInMethodIfSupported(object, method, location);
	#endif  // GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
	  } else {
	    return (object->*method)();
	  }
	}
	
	}  // namespace internal
	
	// Runs the test and updates the test result.
	void Test::Run() {
	  if (!HasSameFixtureClass()) return;
	
	  internal::UnitTestImpl* const impl = internal::GetUnitTestImpl();
	  impl->os_stack_trace_getter()->UponLeavingGTest();
	  internal::HandleExceptionsInMethodIfSupported(this, &Test::SetUp, "SetUp()");
	  // We will run the test only if SetUp() was successful and didn't call
	  // GTEST_SKIP().
	  if (!HasFatalFailure() && !IsSkipped()) {
	    impl->os_stack_trace_getter()->UponLeavingGTest();
	    internal::HandleExceptionsInMethodIfSupported(
	        this, &Test::TestBody, "the test body");
	  }
	
	  // However, we want to clean up as much as possible.  Hence we will
	  // always call TearDown(), even if SetUp() or the test body has
	  // failed.
	  impl->os_stack_trace_getter()->UponLeavingGTest();
	  internal::HandleExceptionsInMethodIfSupported(
	      this, &Test::TearDown, "TearDown()");
	}
	
	// Returns true if the current test has a fatal failure.
	bool Test::HasFatalFailure() {
	  return internal::GetUnitTestImpl()->current_test_result()->HasFatalFailure();
	}
	
	// Returns true if the current test has a non-fatal failure.
	bool Test::HasNonfatalFailure() {
	  return internal::GetUnitTestImpl()->current_test_result()->
	      HasNonfatalFailure();
	}
	
	// Returns true if the current test was skipped.
	bool Test::IsSkipped() {
	  return internal::GetUnitTestImpl()->current_test_result()->Skipped();
	}
	
	// class TestInfo
	
	// Constructs a TestInfo object. It assumes ownership of the test factory
	// object.
	TestInfo::TestInfo(const std::string& a_test_suite_name,
	                   const std::string& a_name, const char* a_type_param,
	                   const char* a_value_param,
	                   internal::CodeLocation a_code_location,
	                   internal::TypeId fixture_class_id,
	                   internal::TestFactoryBase* factory)
	    : test_suite_name_(a_test_suite_name),
	      name_(a_name),
	      type_param_(a_type_param ? new std::string(a_type_param) : nullptr),
	      value_param_(a_value_param ? new std::string(a_value_param) : nullptr),
	      location_(a_code_location),
	      fixture_class_id_(fixture_class_id),
	      should_run_(false),
	      is_disabled_(false),
	      matches_filter_(false),
	      factory_(factory),
	      result_() {}
	
	// Destructs a TestInfo object.
	TestInfo::~TestInfo() { delete factory_; }
	
	namespace internal {
	
	// Creates a new TestInfo object and registers it with Google Test;
	// returns the created object.
	//
	// Arguments:
	//
	//   test_suite_name:   name of the test suite
	//   name:             name of the test
	//   type_param:       the name of the test's type parameter, or NULL if
	//                     this is not a typed or a type-parameterized test.
	//   value_param:      text representation of the test's value parameter,
	//                     or NULL if this is not a value-parameterized test.
	//   code_location:    code location where the test is defined
	//   fixture_class_id: ID of the test fixture class
	//   set_up_tc:        pointer to the function that sets up the test suite
	//   tear_down_tc:     pointer to the function that tears down the test suite
	//   factory:          pointer to the factory that creates a test object.
	//                     The newly created TestInfo instance will assume
	//                     ownership of the factory object.
	TestInfo* MakeAndRegisterTestInfo(
	    const char* test_suite_name, const char* name, const char* type_param,
	    const char* value_param, CodeLocation code_location,
	    TypeId fixture_class_id, SetUpTestSuiteFunc set_up_tc,
	    TearDownTestSuiteFunc tear_down_tc, TestFactoryBase* factory) {
	  TestInfo* const test_info =
	      new TestInfo(test_suite_name, name, type_param, value_param,
	                   code_location, fixture_class_id, factory);
	  GetUnitTestImpl()->AddTestInfo(set_up_tc, tear_down_tc, test_info);
	  return test_info;
	}
	
	void ReportInvalidTestSuiteType(const char* test_suite_name,
	                                CodeLocation code_location) {
	  Message errors;
	  errors
	      << "Attempted redefinition of test suite " << test_suite_name << ".\n"
	      << "All tests in the same test suite must use the same test fixture\n"
	      << "class.  However, in test suite " << test_suite_name << ", you tried\n"
	      << "to define a test using a fixture class different from the one\n"
	      << "used earlier. This can happen if the two fixture classes are\n"
	      << "from different namespaces and have the same name. You should\n"
	      << "probably rename one of the classes to put the tests into different\n"
	      << "test suites.";
	
	  GTEST_LOG_(ERROR) << FormatFileLocation(code_location.file.c_str(),
	                                          code_location.line)
	                    << " " << errors.GetString();
	}
	}  // namespace internal
	
	namespace {
	
	// A predicate that checks the test name of a TestInfo against a known
	// value.
	//
	// This is used for implementation of the TestSuite class only.  We put
	// it in the anonymous namespace to prevent polluting the outer
	// namespace.
	//
	// TestNameIs is copyable.
	class TestNameIs {
	 public:
	  // Constructor.
	  //
	  // TestNameIs has NO default constructor.
	  explicit TestNameIs(const char* name)
	      : name_(name) {}
	
	  // Returns true if the test name of test_info matches name_.
	  bool operator()(const TestInfo * test_info) const {
	    return test_info && test_info->name() == name_;
	  }
	
	 private:
	  std::string name_;
	};
	
	}  // namespace
	
	namespace internal {
	
	// This method expands all parameterized tests registered with macros TEST_P
	// and INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P into regular tests and registers those.
	// This will be done just once during the program runtime.
	void UnitTestImpl::RegisterParameterizedTests() {
	  if (!parameterized_tests_registered_) {
	    parameterized_test_registry_.RegisterTests();
	    parameterized_tests_registered_ = true;
	  }
	}
	
	}  // namespace internal
	
	// Creates the test object, runs it, records its result, and then
	// deletes it.
	void TestInfo::Run() {
	  if (!should_run_) return;
	
	  // Tells UnitTest where to store test result.
	  internal::UnitTestImpl* const impl = internal::GetUnitTestImpl();
	  impl->set_current_test_info(this);
	
	  TestEventListener* repeater = UnitTest::GetInstance()->listeners().repeater();
	
	  // Notifies the unit test event listeners that a test is about to start.
	  repeater->OnTestStart(*this);
	
	  const TimeInMillis start = internal::GetTimeInMillis();
	
	  impl->os_stack_trace_getter()->UponLeavingGTest();
	
	  // Creates the test object.
	  Test* const test = internal::HandleExceptionsInMethodIfSupported(
	      factory_, &internal::TestFactoryBase::CreateTest,
	      "the test fixture's constructor");
	
	  // Runs the test if the constructor didn't generate a fatal failure or invoke
	  // GTEST_SKIP().
	  // Note that the object will not be null
	  if (!Test::HasFatalFailure() && !Test::IsSkipped()) {
	    // This doesn't throw as all user code that can throw are wrapped into
	    // exception handling code.
	    test->Run();
	  }
	
	  if (test != nullptr) {
	    // Deletes the test object.
	    impl->os_stack_trace_getter()->UponLeavingGTest();
	    internal::HandleExceptionsInMethodIfSupported(
	        test, &Test::DeleteSelf_, "the test fixture's destructor");
	  }
	
	  result_.set_start_timestamp(start);
	  result_.set_elapsed_time(internal::GetTimeInMillis() - start);
	
	  // Notifies the unit test event listener that a test has just finished.
	  repeater->OnTestEnd(*this);
	
	  // Tells UnitTest to stop associating assertion results to this
	  // test.
	  impl->set_current_test_info(nullptr);
	}
	
	// class TestSuite
	
	// Gets the number of successful tests in this test suite.
	int TestSuite::successful_test_count() const {
	  return CountIf(test_info_list_, TestPassed);
	}
	
	// Gets the number of successful tests in this test suite.
	int TestSuite::skipped_test_count() const {
	  return CountIf(test_info_list_, TestSkipped);
	}
	
	// Gets the number of failed tests in this test suite.
	int TestSuite::failed_test_count() const {
	  return CountIf(test_info_list_, TestFailed);
	}
	
	// Gets the number of disabled tests that will be reported in the XML report.
	int TestSuite::reportable_disabled_test_count() const {
	  return CountIf(test_info_list_, TestReportableDisabled);
	}
	
	// Gets the number of disabled tests in this test suite.
	int TestSuite::disabled_test_count() const {
	  return CountIf(test_info_list_, TestDisabled);
	}
	
	// Gets the number of tests to be printed in the XML report.
	int TestSuite::reportable_test_count() const {
	  return CountIf(test_info_list_, TestReportable);
	}
	
	// Get the number of tests in this test suite that should run.
	int TestSuite::test_to_run_count() const {
	  return CountIf(test_info_list_, ShouldRunTest);
	}
	
	// Gets the number of all tests.
	int TestSuite::total_test_count() const {
	  return static_cast<int>(test_info_list_.size());
	}
	
	// Creates a TestSuite with the given name.
	//
	// Arguments:
	//
	//   name:         name of the test suite
	//   a_type_param: the name of the test suite's type parameter, or NULL if
	//                 this is not a typed or a type-parameterized test suite.
	//   set_up_tc:    pointer to the function that sets up the test suite
	//   tear_down_tc: pointer to the function that tears down the test suite
	TestSuite::TestSuite(const char* a_name, const char* a_type_param,
	                     internal::SetUpTestSuiteFunc set_up_tc,
	                     internal::TearDownTestSuiteFunc tear_down_tc)
	    : name_(a_name),
	      type_param_(a_type_param ? new std::string(a_type_param) : nullptr),
	      set_up_tc_(set_up_tc),
	      tear_down_tc_(tear_down_tc),
	      should_run_(false),
	      start_timestamp_(0),
	      elapsed_time_(0) {}
	
	// Destructor of TestSuite.
	TestSuite::~TestSuite() {
	  // Deletes every Test in the collection.
	  ForEach(test_info_list_, internal::Delete<TestInfo>);
	}
	
	// Returns the i-th test among all the tests. i can range from 0 to
	// total_test_count() - 1. If i is not in that range, returns NULL.
	const TestInfo* TestSuite::GetTestInfo(int i) const {
	  const int index = GetElementOr(test_indices_, i, -1);
	  return index < 0 ? nullptr : test_info_list_[static_cast<size_t>(index)];
	}
	
	// Returns the i-th test among all the tests. i can range from 0 to
	// total_test_count() - 1. If i is not in that range, returns NULL.
	TestInfo* TestSuite::GetMutableTestInfo(int i) {
	  const int index = GetElementOr(test_indices_, i, -1);
	  return index < 0 ? nullptr : test_info_list_[static_cast<size_t>(index)];
	}
	
	// Adds a test to this test suite.  Will delete the test upon
	// destruction of the TestSuite object.
	void TestSuite::AddTestInfo(TestInfo* test_info) {
	  test_info_list_.push_back(test_info);
	  test_indices_.push_back(static_cast<int>(test_indices_.size()));
	}
	
	// Runs every test in this TestSuite.
	void TestSuite::Run() {
	  if (!should_run_) return;
	
	  internal::UnitTestImpl* const impl = internal::GetUnitTestImpl();
	  impl->set_current_test_suite(this);
	
	  TestEventListener* repeater = UnitTest::GetInstance()->listeners().repeater();
	
	  // Call both legacy and the new API
	  repeater->OnTestSuiteStart(*this);
	//  Legacy API is deprecated but still available
	#ifndef GTEST_REMOVE_LEGACY_TEST_CASEAPI
	  repeater->OnTestCaseStart(*this);
	#endif  //  GTEST_REMOVE_LEGACY_TEST_CASEAPI
	
	  impl->os_stack_trace_getter()->UponLeavingGTest();
	  internal::HandleExceptionsInMethodIfSupported(
	      this, &TestSuite::RunSetUpTestSuite, "SetUpTestSuite()");
	
	  start_timestamp_ = internal::GetTimeInMillis();
	  for (int i = 0; i < total_test_count(); i++) {
	    GetMutableTestInfo(i)->Run();
	  }
	  elapsed_time_ = internal::GetTimeInMillis() - start_timestamp_;
	
	  impl->os_stack_trace_getter()->UponLeavingGTest();
	  internal::HandleExceptionsInMethodIfSupported(
	      this, &TestSuite::RunTearDownTestSuite, "TearDownTestSuite()");
	
	  // Call both legacy and the new API
	  repeater->OnTestSuiteEnd(*this);
	//  Legacy API is deprecated but still available
	#ifndef GTEST_REMOVE_LEGACY_TEST_CASEAPI
	  repeater->OnTestCaseEnd(*this);
	#endif  //  GTEST_REMOVE_LEGACY_TEST_CASEAPI
	
	  impl->set_current_test_suite(nullptr);
	}
	
	// Clears the results of all tests in this test suite.
	void TestSuite::ClearResult() {
	  ad_hoc_test_result_.Clear();
	  ForEach(test_info_list_, TestInfo::ClearTestResult);
	}
	
	// Shuffles the tests in this test suite.
	void TestSuite::ShuffleTests(internal::Random* random) {
	  Shuffle(random, &test_indices_);
	}
	
	// Restores the test order to before the first shuffle.
	void TestSuite::UnshuffleTests() {
	  for (size_t i = 0; i < test_indices_.size(); i++) {
	    test_indices_[i] = static_cast<int>(i);
	  }
	}
	
	// Formats a countable noun.  Depending on its quantity, either the
	// singular form or the plural form is used. e.g.
	//
	// FormatCountableNoun(1, "formula", "formuli") returns "1 formula".
	// FormatCountableNoun(5, "book", "books") returns "5 books".
	static std::string FormatCountableNoun(int count,
	                                       const char * singular_form,
	                                       const char * plural_form) {
	  return internal::StreamableToString(count) + " " +
	      (count == 1 ? singular_form : plural_form);
	}
	
	// Formats the count of tests.
	static std::string FormatTestCount(int test_count) {
	  return FormatCountableNoun(test_count, "test", "tests");
	}
	
	// Formats the count of test suites.
	static std::string FormatTestSuiteCount(int test_suite_count) {
	  return FormatCountableNoun(test_suite_count, "test suite", "test suites");
	}
	
	// Converts a TestPartResult::Type enum to human-friendly string
	// representation.  Both kNonFatalFailure and kFatalFailure are translated
	// to "Failure", as the user usually doesn't care about the difference
	// between the two when viewing the test result.
	static const char * TestPartResultTypeToString(TestPartResult::Type type) {
	  switch (type) {
	    case TestPartResult::kSkip:
	      return "Skipped";
	    case TestPartResult::kSuccess:
	      return "Success";
	
	    case TestPartResult::kNonFatalFailure:
	    case TestPartResult::kFatalFailure:
	#ifdef _MSC_VER
	      return "error: ";
	#else
	      return "Failure\n";
	#endif
	    default:
	      return "Unknown result type";
	  }
	}
	
	namespace internal {
	
	// Prints a TestPartResult to an std::string.
	static std::string PrintTestPartResultToString(
	    const TestPartResult& test_part_result) {
	  return (Message()
	          << internal::FormatFileLocation(test_part_result.file_name(),
	                                          test_part_result.line_number())
	          << " " << TestPartResultTypeToString(test_part_result.type())
	          << test_part_result.message()).GetString();
	}
	
	// Prints a TestPartResult.
	static void PrintTestPartResult(const TestPartResult& test_part_result) {
	  const std::string& result =
	      PrintTestPartResultToString(test_part_result);
	  printf("%s\n", result.c_str());
	  fflush(stdout);
	  // If the test program runs in Visual Studio or a debugger, the
	  // following statements add the test part result message to the Output
	  // window such that the user can double-click on it to jump to the
	  // corresponding source code location; otherwise they do nothing.
	#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
	  // We don't call OutputDebugString*() on Windows Mobile, as printing
	  // to stdout is done by OutputDebugString() there already - we don't
	  // want the same message printed twice.
	  ::OutputDebugStringA(result.c_str());
	  ::OutputDebugStringA("\n");
	#endif
	}
	
	// class PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter
	#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE && \
	    !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MINGW
	
	// Returns the character attribute for the given color.
	static WORD GetColorAttribute(GTestColor color) {
	  switch (color) {
	    case COLOR_RED:    return FOREGROUND_RED;
	    case COLOR_GREEN:  return FOREGROUND_GREEN;
	    case COLOR_YELLOW: return FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_GREEN;
	    default:           return 0;
	  }
	}
	
	static int GetBitOffset(WORD color_mask) {
	  if (color_mask == 0) return 0;
	
	  int bitOffset = 0;
	  while ((color_mask & 1) == 0) {
	    color_mask >>= 1;
	    ++bitOffset;
	  }
	  return bitOffset;
	}
	
	static WORD GetNewColor(GTestColor color, WORD old_color_attrs) {
	  // Let's reuse the BG
	  static const WORD background_mask = BACKGROUND_BLUE | BACKGROUND_GREEN |
	                                      BACKGROUND_RED | BACKGROUND_INTENSITY;
	  static const WORD foreground_mask = FOREGROUND_BLUE | FOREGROUND_GREEN |
	                                      FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_INTENSITY;
	  const WORD existing_bg = old_color_attrs & background_mask;
	
	  WORD new_color =
	      GetColorAttribute(color) | existing_bg | FOREGROUND_INTENSITY;
	  static const int bg_bitOffset = GetBitOffset(background_mask);
	  static const int fg_bitOffset = GetBitOffset(foreground_mask);
	
	  if (((new_color & background_mask) >> bg_bitOffset) ==
	      ((new_color & foreground_mask) >> fg_bitOffset)) {
	    new_color ^= FOREGROUND_INTENSITY;  // invert intensity
	  }
	  return new_color;
	}
	
	#else
	
	// Returns the ANSI color code for the given color.  COLOR_DEFAULT is
	// an invalid input.
	static const char* GetAnsiColorCode(GTestColor color) {
	  switch (color) {
	    case COLOR_RED:     return "1";
	    case COLOR_GREEN:   return "2";
	    case COLOR_YELLOW:  return "3";
	    default:
	      return nullptr;
	  }
	}
	
	#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
	
	// Returns true if Google Test should use colors in the output.
	bool ShouldUseColor(bool stdout_is_tty) {
	  const char* const gtest_color = GTEST_FLAG(color).c_str();
	
	  if (String::CaseInsensitiveCStringEquals(gtest_color, "auto")) {
	#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MINGW
	    // On Windows the TERM variable is usually not set, but the
	    // console there does support colors.
	    return stdout_is_tty;
	#else
	    // On non-Windows platforms, we rely on the TERM variable.
	    const char* const term = posix::GetEnv("TERM");
	    const bool term_supports_color =
	        String::CStringEquals(term, "xterm") ||
	        String::CStringEquals(term, "xterm-color") ||
	        String::CStringEquals(term, "xterm-256color") ||
	        String::CStringEquals(term, "screen") ||
	        String::CStringEquals(term, "screen-256color") ||
	        String::CStringEquals(term, "tmux") ||
	        String::CStringEquals(term, "tmux-256color") ||
	        String::CStringEquals(term, "rxvt-unicode") ||
	        String::CStringEquals(term, "rxvt-unicode-256color") ||
	        String::CStringEquals(term, "linux") ||
	        String::CStringEquals(term, "cygwin");
	    return stdout_is_tty && term_supports_color;
	#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
	  }
	
	  return String::CaseInsensitiveCStringEquals(gtest_color, "yes") ||
	      String::CaseInsensitiveCStringEquals(gtest_color, "true") ||
	      String::CaseInsensitiveCStringEquals(gtest_color, "t") ||
	      String::CStringEquals(gtest_color, "1");
	  // We take "yes", "true", "t", and "1" as meaning "yes".  If the
	  // value is neither one of these nor "auto", we treat it as "no" to
	  // be conservative.
	}
	
	// Helpers for printing colored strings to stdout. Note that on Windows, we
	// cannot simply emit special characters and have the terminal change colors.
	// This routine must actually emit the characters rather than return a string
	// that would be colored when printed, as can be done on Linux.
	void ColoredPrintf(GTestColor color, const char* fmt, ...) {
	  va_list args;
	  va_start(args, fmt);
	
	#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE || GTEST_OS_ZOS || GTEST_OS_IOS || \
	    GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE || GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT
	  const bool use_color = AlwaysFalse();
	#else
	  static const bool in_color_mode =
	      ShouldUseColor(posix::IsATTY(posix::FileNo(stdout)) != 0);
	  const bool use_color = in_color_mode && (color != COLOR_DEFAULT);
	#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE || GTEST_OS_ZOS
	
	  if (!use_color) {
	    vprintf(fmt, args);
	    va_end(args);
	    return;
	  }
	
	#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE && \
	    !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MINGW
	  const HANDLE stdout_handle = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
	
	  // Gets the current text color.
	  CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO buffer_info;
	  GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(stdout_handle, &buffer_info);
	  const WORD old_color_attrs = buffer_info.wAttributes;
	  const WORD new_color = GetNewColor(color, old_color_attrs);
	
	  // We need to flush the stream buffers into the console before each
	  // SetConsoleTextAttribute call lest it affect the text that is already
	  // printed but has not yet reached the console.
	  fflush(stdout);
	  SetConsoleTextAttribute(stdout_handle, new_color);
	
	  vprintf(fmt, args);
	
	  fflush(stdout);
	  // Restores the text color.
	  SetConsoleTextAttribute(stdout_handle, old_color_attrs);
	#else
	  printf("\033[0;3%sm", GetAnsiColorCode(color));
	  vprintf(fmt, args);
	  printf("\033[m");  // Resets the terminal to default.
	#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
	  va_end(args);
	}
	
	// Text printed in Google Test's text output and --gtest_list_tests
	// output to label the type parameter and value parameter for a test.
	static const char kTypeParamLabel[] = "TypeParam";
	static const char kValueParamLabel[] = "GetParam()";
	
	static void PrintFullTestCommentIfPresent(const TestInfo& test_info) {
	  const char* const type_param = test_info.type_param();
	  const char* const value_param = test_info.value_param();
	
	  if (type_param != nullptr || value_param != nullptr) {
	    printf(", where ");
	    if (type_param != nullptr) {
	      printf("%s = %s", kTypeParamLabel, type_param);
	      if (value_param != nullptr) printf(" and ");
	    }
	    if (value_param != nullptr) {
	      printf("%s = %s", kValueParamLabel, value_param);
	    }
	  }
	}
	
	// This class implements the TestEventListener interface.
	//
	// Class PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter is copyable.
	class PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter : public TestEventListener {
	 public:
	  PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter() {}
	  static void PrintTestName(const char* test_suite, const char* test) {
	    printf("%s.%s", test_suite, test);
	  }
	
	  // The following methods override what's in the TestEventListener class.
	  void OnTestProgramStart(const UnitTest& /*unit_test*/) override {}
	  void OnTestIterationStart(const UnitTest& unit_test, int iteration) override;
	  void OnEnvironmentsSetUpStart(const UnitTest& unit_test) override;
	  void OnEnvironmentsSetUpEnd(const UnitTest& /*unit_test*/) override {}
	#ifndef GTEST_REMOVE_LEGACY_TEST_CASEAPI_
	  void OnTestCaseStart(const TestCase& test_case) override;
	#else
	  void OnTestSuiteStart(const TestSuite& test_suite) override;
	#endif  // OnTestCaseStart
	
	  void OnTestStart(const TestInfo& test_info) override;
	
	  void OnTestPartResult(const TestPartResult& result) override;
	  void OnTestEnd(const TestInfo& test_info) override;
	#ifndef GTEST_REMOVE_LEGACY_TEST_CASEAPI_
	  void OnTestCaseEnd(const TestCase& test_case) override;
	#else
	  void OnTestSuiteEnd(const TestSuite& test_suite) override;
	#endif  // GTEST_REMOVE_LEGACY_TEST_CASEAPI_
	
	  void OnEnvironmentsTearDownStart(const UnitTest& unit_test) override;
	  void OnEnvironmentsTearDownEnd(const UnitTest& /*unit_test*/) override {}
	  void OnTestIterationEnd(const UnitTest& unit_test, int iteration) override;
	  void OnTestProgramEnd(const UnitTest& /*unit_test*/) override {}
	
	 private:
	  static void PrintFailedTests(const UnitTest& unit_test);
	  static void PrintSkippedTests(const UnitTest& unit_test);
	};
	
	  // Fired before each iteration of tests starts.
	void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::OnTestIterationStart(
	    const UnitTest& unit_test, int iteration) {
	  if (GTEST_FLAG(repeat) != 1)
	    printf("\nRepeating all tests (iteration %d) . . .\n\n", iteration + 1);
	
	  const char* const filter = GTEST_FLAG(filter).c_str();
	
	  // Prints the filter if it's not *.  This reminds the user that some
	  // tests may be skipped.
	  if (!String::CStringEquals(filter, kUniversalFilter)) {
	    ColoredPrintf(COLOR_YELLOW,
	                  "Note: %s filter = %s\n", GTEST_NAME_, filter);
	  }
	
	  if (internal::ShouldShard(kTestTotalShards, kTestShardIndex, false)) {
	    const Int32 shard_index = Int32FromEnvOrDie(kTestShardIndex, -1);
	    ColoredPrintf(COLOR_YELLOW,
	                  "Note: This is test shard %d of %s.\n",
	                  static_cast<int>(shard_index) + 1,
	                  internal::posix::GetEnv(kTestTotalShards));
	  }
	
	  if (GTEST_FLAG(shuffle)) {
	    ColoredPrintf(COLOR_YELLOW,
	                  "Note: Randomizing tests' orders with a seed of %d .\n",
	                  unit_test.random_seed());
	  }
	
	  ColoredPrintf(COLOR_GREEN,  "[==========] ");
	  printf("Running %s from %s.\n",
	         FormatTestCount(unit_test.test_to_run_count()).c_str(),
	         FormatTestSuiteCount(unit_test.test_suite_to_run_count()).c_str());
	  fflush(stdout);
	}
	
	void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::OnEnvironmentsSetUpStart(
	    const UnitTest& /*unit_test*/) {
	  ColoredPrintf(COLOR_GREEN,  "[----------] ");
	  printf("Global test environment set-up.\n");
	  fflush(stdout);
	}
	
	#ifndef GTEST_REMOVE_LEGACY_TEST_CASEAPI_
	void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::OnTestCaseStart(const TestCase& test_case) {
	  const std::string counts =
	      FormatCountableNoun(test_case.test_to_run_count(), "test", "tests");
	  ColoredPrintf(COLOR_GREEN, "[----------] ");
	  printf("%s from %s", counts.c_str(), test_case.name());
	  if (test_case.type_param() == nullptr) {
	    printf("\n");
	  } else {
	    printf(", where %s = %s\n", kTypeParamLabel, test_case.type_param());
	  }
	  fflush(stdout);
	}
	#else
	void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::OnTestSuiteStart(
	    const TestSuite& test_suite) {
	  const std::string counts =
	      FormatCountableNoun(test_suite.test_to_run_count(), "test", "tests");
	  ColoredPrintf(COLOR_GREEN, "[----------] ");
	  printf("%s from %s", counts.c_str(), test_suite.name());
	  if (test_suite.type_param() == nullptr) {
	    printf("\n");
	  } else {
	    printf(", where %s = %s\n", kTypeParamLabel, test_suite.type_param());
	  }
	  fflush(stdout);
	}
	#endif  // GTEST_REMOVE_LEGACY_TEST_CASEAPI_
	
	void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::OnTestStart(const TestInfo& test_info) {
	  ColoredPrintf(COLOR_GREEN,  "[ RUN      ] ");
	  PrintTestName(test_info.test_suite_name(), test_info.name());
	  printf("\n");
	  fflush(stdout);
	}
	
	// Called after an assertion failure.
	void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::OnTestPartResult(
	    const TestPartResult& result) {
	  switch (result.type()) {
	    // If the test part succeeded, or was skipped,
	    // we don't need to do anything.
	    case TestPartResult::kSkip:
	    case TestPartResult::kSuccess:
	      return;
	    default:
	      // Print failure message from the assertion
	      // (e.g. expected this and got that).
	      PrintTestPartResult(result);
	      fflush(stdout);
	  }
	}
	
	void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::OnTestEnd(const TestInfo& test_info) {
	  if (test_info.result()->Passed()) {
	    ColoredPrintf(COLOR_GREEN, "[       OK ] ");
	  } else if (test_info.result()->Skipped()) {
	    ColoredPrintf(COLOR_GREEN, "[  SKIPPED ] ");
	  } else {
	    ColoredPrintf(COLOR_RED, "[  FAILED  ] ");
	  }
	  PrintTestName(test_info.test_suite_name(), test_info.name());
	  if (test_info.result()->Failed())
	    PrintFullTestCommentIfPresent(test_info);
	
	  if (GTEST_FLAG(print_time)) {
	    printf(" (%s ms)\n", internal::StreamableToString(
	           test_info.result()->elapsed_time()).c_str());
	  } else {
	    printf("\n");
	  }
	  fflush(stdout);
	}
	
	#ifndef GTEST_REMOVE_LEGACY_TEST_CASEAPI_
	void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::OnTestCaseEnd(const TestCase& test_case) {
	  if (!GTEST_FLAG(print_time)) return;
	
	  const std::string counts =
	      FormatCountableNoun(test_case.test_to_run_count(), "test", "tests");
	  ColoredPrintf(COLOR_GREEN, "[----------] ");
	  printf("%s from %s (%s ms total)\n\n", counts.c_str(), test_case.name(),
	         internal::StreamableToString(test_case.elapsed_time()).c_str());
	  fflush(stdout);
	}
	#else
	void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::OnTestSuiteEnd(const TestSuite& test_suite) {
	  if (!GTEST_FLAG(print_time)) return;
	
	  const std::string counts =
	      FormatCountableNoun(test_suite.test_to_run_count(), "test", "tests");
	  ColoredPrintf(COLOR_GREEN, "[----------] ");
	  printf("%s from %s (%s ms total)\n\n", counts.c_str(), test_suite.name(),
	         internal::StreamableToString(test_suite.elapsed_time()).c_str());
	  fflush(stdout);
	}
	#endif  // GTEST_REMOVE_LEGACY_TEST_CASEAPI_
	
	void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::OnEnvironmentsTearDownStart(
	    const UnitTest& /*unit_test*/) {
	  ColoredPrintf(COLOR_GREEN,  "[----------] ");
	  printf("Global test environment tear-down\n");
	  fflush(stdout);
	}
	
	// Internal helper for printing the list of failed tests.
	void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::PrintFailedTests(const UnitTest& unit_test) {
	  const int failed_test_count = unit_test.failed_test_count();
	  if (failed_test_count == 0) {
	    return;
	  }
	
	  for (int i = 0; i < unit_test.total_test_suite_count(); ++i) {
	    const TestSuite& test_suite = *unit_test.GetTestSuite(i);
	    if (!test_suite.should_run() || (test_suite.failed_test_count() == 0)) {
	      continue;
	    }
	    for (int j = 0; j < test_suite.total_test_count(); ++j) {
	      const TestInfo& test_info = *test_suite.GetTestInfo(j);
	      if (!test_info.should_run() || !test_info.result()->Failed()) {
	        continue;
	      }
	      ColoredPrintf(COLOR_RED, "[  FAILED  ] ");
	      printf("%s.%s", test_suite.name(), test_info.name());
	      PrintFullTestCommentIfPresent(test_info);
	      printf("\n");
	    }
	  }
	}
	
	// Internal helper for printing the list of skipped tests.
	void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::PrintSkippedTests(const UnitTest& unit_test) {
	  const int skipped_test_count = unit_test.skipped_test_count();
	  if (skipped_test_count == 0) {
	    return;
	  }
	
	  for (int i = 0; i < unit_test.total_test_suite_count(); ++i) {
	    const TestSuite& test_suite = *unit_test.GetTestSuite(i);
	    if (!test_suite.should_run() || (test_suite.skipped_test_count() == 0)) {
	      continue;
	    }
	    for (int j = 0; j < test_suite.total_test_count(); ++j) {
	      const TestInfo& test_info = *test_suite.GetTestInfo(j);
	      if (!test_info.should_run() || !test_info.result()->Skipped()) {
	        continue;
	      }
	      ColoredPrintf(COLOR_GREEN, "[  SKIPPED ] ");
	      printf("%s.%s", test_suite.name(), test_info.name());
	      printf("\n");
	    }
	  }
	}
	
	void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::OnTestIterationEnd(const UnitTest& unit_test,
	                                                     int /*iteration*/) {
	  ColoredPrintf(COLOR_GREEN,  "[==========] ");
	  printf("%s from %s ran.",
	         FormatTestCount(unit_test.test_to_run_count()).c_str(),
	         FormatTestSuiteCount(unit_test.test_suite_to_run_count()).c_str());
	  if (GTEST_FLAG(print_time)) {
	    printf(" (%s ms total)",
	           internal::StreamableToString(unit_test.elapsed_time()).c_str());
	  }
	  printf("\n");
	  ColoredPrintf(COLOR_GREEN,  "[  PASSED  ] ");
	  printf("%s.\n", FormatTestCount(unit_test.successful_test_count()).c_str());
	
	  const int skipped_test_count = unit_test.skipped_test_count();
	  if (skipped_test_count > 0) {
	    ColoredPrintf(COLOR_GREEN, "[  SKIPPED ] ");
	    printf("%s, listed below:\n", FormatTestCount(skipped_test_count).c_str());
	    PrintSkippedTests(unit_test);
	  }
	
	  int num_failures = unit_test.failed_test_count();
	  if (!unit_test.Passed()) {
	    const int failed_test_count = unit_test.failed_test_count();
	    ColoredPrintf(COLOR_RED,  "[  FAILED  ] ");
	    printf("%s, listed below:\n", FormatTestCount(failed_test_count).c_str());
	    PrintFailedTests(unit_test);
	    printf("\n%2d FAILED %s\n", num_failures,
	                        num_failures == 1 ? "TEST" : "TESTS");
	  }
	
	  int num_disabled = unit_test.reportable_disabled_test_count();
	  if (num_disabled && !GTEST_FLAG(also_run_disabled_tests)) {
	    if (!num_failures) {
	      printf("\n");  // Add a spacer if no FAILURE banner is displayed.
	    }
	    ColoredPrintf(COLOR_YELLOW,
	                  "  YOU HAVE %d DISABLED %s\n\n",
	                  num_disabled,
	                  num_disabled == 1 ? "TEST" : "TESTS");
	  }
	  // Ensure that Google Test output is printed before, e.g., heapchecker output.
	  fflush(stdout);
	}
	
	// End PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter
	
	// class TestEventRepeater
	//
	// This class forwards events to other event listeners.
	class TestEventRepeater : public TestEventListener {
	 public:
	  TestEventRepeater() : forwarding_enabled_(true) {}
	  ~TestEventRepeater() override;
	  void Append(TestEventListener *listener);
	  TestEventListener* Release(TestEventListener* listener);
	
	  // Controls whether events will be forwarded to listeners_. Set to false
	  // in death test child processes.
	  bool forwarding_enabled() const { return forwarding_enabled_; }
	  void set_forwarding_enabled(bool enable) { forwarding_enabled_ = enable; }
	
	  void OnTestProgramStart(const UnitTest& unit_test) override;
	  void OnTestIterationStart(const UnitTest& unit_test, int iteration) override;
	  void OnEnvironmentsSetUpStart(const UnitTest& unit_test) override;
	  void OnEnvironmentsSetUpEnd(const UnitTest& unit_test) override;
	//  Legacy API is deprecated but still available
	#ifndef GTEST_REMOVE_LEGACY_TEST_CASEAPI_
	  void OnTestCaseStart(const TestSuite& parameter) override;
	#endif  //  GTEST_REMOVE_LEGACY_TEST_CASEAPI_
	  void OnTestSuiteStart(const TestSuite& parameter) override;
	  void OnTestStart(const TestInfo& test_info) override;
	  void OnTestPartResult(const TestPartResult& result) override;
	  void OnTestEnd(const TestInfo& test_info) override;
	//  Legacy API is deprecated but still available
	#ifndef GTEST_REMOVE_LEGACY_TEST_CASEAPI_
	  void OnTestCaseEnd(const TestCase& parameter) override;
	#endif  //  GTEST_REMOVE_LEGACY_TEST_CASEAPI_
	  void OnTestSuiteEnd(const TestSuite& parameter) override;
	  void OnEnvironmentsTearDownStart(const UnitTest& unit_test) override;
	  void OnEnvironmentsTearDownEnd(const UnitTest& unit_test) override;
	  void OnTestIterationEnd(const UnitTest& unit_test, int iteration) override;
	  void OnTestProgramEnd(const UnitTest& unit_test) override;
	
	 private:
	  // Controls whether events will be forwarded to listeners_. Set to false
	  // in death test child processes.
	  bool forwarding_enabled_;
	  // The list of listeners that receive events.
	  std::vector<TestEventListener*> listeners_;
	
	  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(TestEventRepeater);
	};
	
	TestEventRepeater::~TestEventRepeater() {
	  ForEach(listeners_, Delete<TestEventListener>);
	}
	
	void TestEventRepeater::Append(TestEventListener *listener) {
	  listeners_.push_back(listener);
	}
	
	TestEventListener* TestEventRepeater::Release(TestEventListener *listener) {
	  for (size_t i = 0; i < listeners_.size(); ++i) {
	    if (listeners_[i] == listener) {
	      listeners_.erase(listeners_.begin() + static_cast<int>(i));
	      return listener;
	    }
	  }
	
	  return nullptr;
	}
	
	// Since most methods are very similar, use macros to reduce boilerplate.
	// This defines a member that forwards the call to all listeners.
	#define GTEST_REPEATER_METHOD_(Name, Type) \
	void TestEventRepeater::Name(const Type& parameter) { \
	  if (forwarding_enabled_) { \
	    for (size_t i = 0; i < listeners_.size(); i++) { \
	      listeners_[i]->Name(parameter); \
	    } \
	  } \
	}
	// This defines a member that forwards the call to all listeners in reverse
	// order.
	#define GTEST_REVERSE_REPEATER_METHOD_(Name, Type)      \
	  void TestEventRepeater::Name(const Type& parameter) { \
	    if (forwarding_enabled_) {                          \
	      for (size_t i = listeners_.size(); i != 0; i--) { \
	        listeners_[i - 1]->Name(parameter);             \
	      }                                                 \
	    }                                                   \
	  }
	
	GTEST_REPEATER_METHOD_(OnTestProgramStart, UnitTest)
	GTEST_REPEATER_METHOD_(OnEnvironmentsSetUpStart, UnitTest)
	//  Legacy API is deprecated but still available
	#ifndef GTEST_REMOVE_LEGACY_TEST_CASEAPI_
	GTEST_REPEATER_METHOD_(OnTestCaseStart, TestSuite)
	#endif  //  GTEST_REMOVE_LEGACY_TEST_CASEAPI_
	GTEST_REPEATER_METHOD_(OnTestSuiteStart, TestSuite)
	GTEST_REPEATER_METHOD_(OnTestStart, TestInfo)
	GTEST_REPEATER_METHOD_(OnTestPartResult, TestPartResult)
	GTEST_REPEATER_METHOD_(OnEnvironmentsTearDownStart, UnitTest)
	GTEST_REVERSE_REPEATER_METHOD_(OnEnvironmentsSetUpEnd, UnitTest)
	GTEST_REVERSE_REPEATER_METHOD_(OnEnvironmentsTearDownEnd, UnitTest)
	GTEST_REVERSE_REPEATER_METHOD_(OnTestEnd, TestInfo)
	//  Legacy API is deprecated but still available
	#ifndef GTEST_REMOVE_LEGACY_TEST_CASEAPI_
	GTEST_REVERSE_REPEATER_METHOD_(OnTestCaseEnd, TestSuite)
	#endif  //  GTEST_REMOVE_LEGACY_TEST_CASEAPI_
	GTEST_REVERSE_REPEATER_METHOD_(OnTestSuiteEnd, TestSuite)
	GTEST_REVERSE_REPEATER_METHOD_(OnTestProgramEnd, UnitTest)
	
	#undef GTEST_REPEATER_METHOD_
	#undef GTEST_REVERSE_REPEATER_METHOD_
	
	void TestEventRepeater::OnTestIterationStart(const UnitTest& unit_test,
	                                             int iteration) {
	  if (forwarding_enabled_) {
	    for (size_t i = 0; i < listeners_.size(); i++) {
	      listeners_[i]->OnTestIterationStart(unit_test, iteration);
	    }
	  }
	}
	
	void TestEventRepeater::OnTestIterationEnd(const UnitTest& unit_test,
	                                           int iteration) {
	  if (forwarding_enabled_) {
	    for (size_t i = listeners_.size(); i > 0; i--) {
	      listeners_[i - 1]->OnTestIterationEnd(unit_test, iteration);
	    }
	  }
	}
	
	// End TestEventRepeater
	
	// This class generates an XML output file.
	class XmlUnitTestResultPrinter : public EmptyTestEventListener {
	 public:
	  explicit XmlUnitTestResultPrinter(const char* output_file);
	
	  void OnTestIterationEnd(const UnitTest& unit_test, int iteration) override;
	  void ListTestsMatchingFilter(const std::vector<TestSuite*>& test_suites);
	
	  // Prints an XML summary of all unit tests.
	  static void PrintXmlTestsList(std::ostream* stream,
	                                const std::vector<TestSuite*>& test_suites);
	
	 private:
	  // Is c a whitespace character that is normalized to a space character
	  // when it appears in an XML attribute value?
	  static bool IsNormalizableWhitespace(char c) {
	    return c == 0x9 || c == 0xA || c == 0xD;
	  }
	
	  // May c appear in a well-formed XML document?
	  static bool IsValidXmlCharacter(char c) {
	    return IsNormalizableWhitespace(c) || c >= 0x20;
	  }
	
	  // Returns an XML-escaped copy of the input string str.  If
	  // is_attribute is true, the text is meant to appear as an attribute
	  // value, and normalizable whitespace is preserved by replacing it
	  // with character references.
	  static std::string EscapeXml(const std::string& str, bool is_attribute);
	
	  // Returns the given string with all characters invalid in XML removed.
	  static std::string RemoveInvalidXmlCharacters(const std::string& str);
	
	  // Convenience wrapper around EscapeXml when str is an attribute value.
	  static std::string EscapeXmlAttribute(const std::string& str) {
	    return EscapeXml(str, true);
	  }
	
	  // Convenience wrapper around EscapeXml when str is not an attribute value.
	  static std::string EscapeXmlText(const char* str) {
	    return EscapeXml(str, false);
	  }
	
	  // Verifies that the given attribute belongs to the given element and
	  // streams the attribute as XML.
	  static void OutputXmlAttribute(std::ostream* stream,
	                                 const std::string& element_name,
	                                 const std::string& name,
	                                 const std::string& value);
	
	  // Streams an XML CDATA section, escaping invalid CDATA sequences as needed.
	  static void OutputXmlCDataSection(::std::ostream* stream, const char* data);
	
	  // Streams an XML representation of a TestInfo object.
	  static void OutputXmlTestInfo(::std::ostream* stream,
	                                const char* test_suite_name,
	                                const TestInfo& test_info);
	
	  // Prints an XML representation of a TestSuite object
	  static void PrintXmlTestSuite(::std::ostream* stream,
	                                const TestSuite& test_suite);
	
	  // Prints an XML summary of unit_test to output stream out.
	  static void PrintXmlUnitTest(::std::ostream* stream,
	                               const UnitTest& unit_test);
	
	  // Produces a string representing the test properties in a result as space
	  // delimited XML attributes based on the property key="value" pairs.
	  // When the std::string is not empty, it includes a space at the beginning,
	  // to delimit this attribute from prior attributes.
	  static std::string TestPropertiesAsXmlAttributes(const TestResult& result);
	
	  // Streams an XML representation of the test properties of a TestResult
	  // object.
	  static void OutputXmlTestProperties(std::ostream* stream,
	                                      const TestResult& result);
	
	  // The output file.
	  const std::string output_file_;
	
	  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(XmlUnitTestResultPrinter);
	};
	
	// Creates a new XmlUnitTestResultPrinter.
	XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::XmlUnitTestResultPrinter(const char* output_file)
	    : output_file_(output_file) {
	  if (output_file_.empty()) {
	    GTEST_LOG_(FATAL) << "XML output file may not be null";
	  }
	}
	
	// Called after the unit test ends.
	void XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::OnTestIterationEnd(const UnitTest& unit_test,
	                                                  int /*iteration*/) {
	  FILE* xmlout = OpenFileForWriting(output_file_);
	  std::stringstream stream;
	  PrintXmlUnitTest(&stream, unit_test);
	  fprintf(xmlout, "%s", StringStreamToString(&stream).c_str());
	  fclose(xmlout);
	}
	
	void XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::ListTestsMatchingFilter(
	    const std::vector<TestSuite*>& test_suites) {
	  FILE* xmlout = OpenFileForWriting(output_file_);
	  std::stringstream stream;
	  PrintXmlTestsList(&stream, test_suites);
	  fprintf(xmlout, "%s", StringStreamToString(&stream).c_str());
	  fclose(xmlout);
	}
	
	// Returns an XML-escaped copy of the input string str.  If is_attribute
	// is true, the text is meant to appear as an attribute value, and
	// normalizable whitespace is preserved by replacing it with character
	// references.
	//
	// Invalid XML characters in str, if any, are stripped from the output.
	// It is expected that most, if not all, of the text processed by this
	// module will consist of ordinary English text.
	// If this module is ever modified to produce version 1.1 XML output,
	// most invalid characters can be retained using character references.
	std::string XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::EscapeXml(
	    const std::string& str, bool is_attribute) {
	  Message m;
	
	  for (size_t i = 0; i < str.size(); ++i) {
	    const char ch = str[i];
	    switch (ch) {
	      case '<':
	        m << "&lt;";
	        break;
	      case '>':
	        m << "&gt;";
	        break;
	      case '&':
	        m << "&amp;";
	        break;
	      case '\'':
	        if (is_attribute)
	          m << "&apos;";
	        else
	          m << '\'';
	        break;
	      case '"':
	        if (is_attribute)
	          m << "&quot;";
	        else
	          m << '"';
	        break;
	      default:
	        if (IsValidXmlCharacter(ch)) {
	          if (is_attribute && IsNormalizableWhitespace(ch))
	            m << "&#x" << String::FormatByte(static_cast<unsigned char>(ch))
	              << ";";
	          else
	            m << ch;
	        }
	        break;
	    }
	  }
	
	  return m.GetString();
	}
	
	// Returns the given string with all characters invalid in XML removed.
	// Currently invalid characters are dropped from the string. An
	// alternative is to replace them with certain characters such as . or ?.
	std::string XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::RemoveInvalidXmlCharacters(
	    const std::string& str) {
	  std::string output;
	  output.reserve(str.size());
	  for (std::string::const_iterator it = str.begin(); it != str.end(); ++it)
	    if (IsValidXmlCharacter(*it))
	      output.push_back(*it);
	
	  return output;
	}
	
	// The following routines generate an XML representation of a UnitTest
	// object.
	// GOOGLETEST_CM0009 DO NOT DELETE
	//
	// This is how Google Test concepts map to the DTD:
	//
	// <testsuites name="AllTests">        <-- corresponds to a UnitTest object
	//   <testsuite name="testcase-name">  <-- corresponds to a TestSuite object
	//     <testcase name="test-name">     <-- corresponds to a TestInfo object
	//       <failure message="...">...</failure>
	//       <failure message="...">...</failure>
	//       <failure message="...">...</failure>
	//                                     <-- individual assertion failures
	//     </testcase>
	//   </testsuite>
	// </testsuites>
	
	// Formats the given time in milliseconds as seconds.
	std::string FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(TimeInMillis ms) {
	  ::std::stringstream ss;
	  ss << (static_cast<double>(ms) * 1e-3);
	  return ss.str();
	}
	
	static bool PortableLocaltime(time_t seconds, struct tm* out) {
	#if defined(_MSC_VER)
	  return localtime_s(out, &seconds) == 0;
	#elif defined(__MINGW32__) || defined(__MINGW64__)
	  // MINGW <time.h> provides neither localtime_r nor localtime_s, but uses
	  // Windows' localtime(), which has a thread-local tm buffer.
	  struct tm* tm_ptr = localtime(&seconds);  // NOLINT
	  if (tm_ptr == nullptr) return false;
	  *out = *tm_ptr;
	  return true;
	#else
	  return localtime_r(&seconds, out) != nullptr;
	#endif
	}
	
	// Converts the given epoch time in milliseconds to a date string in the ISO
	// 8601 format, without the timezone information.
	std::string FormatEpochTimeInMillisAsIso8601(TimeInMillis ms) {
	  struct tm time_struct;
	  if (!PortableLocaltime(static_cast<time_t>(ms / 1000), &time_struct))
	    return "";
	  // YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss
	  return StreamableToString(time_struct.tm_year + 1900) + "-" +
	      String::FormatIntWidth2(time_struct.tm_mon + 1) + "-" +
	      String::FormatIntWidth2(time_struct.tm_mday) + "T" +
	      String::FormatIntWidth2(time_struct.tm_hour) + ":" +
	      String::FormatIntWidth2(time_struct.tm_min) + ":" +
	      String::FormatIntWidth2(time_struct.tm_sec);
	}
	
	// Streams an XML CDATA section, escaping invalid CDATA sequences as needed.
	void XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::OutputXmlCDataSection(::std::ostream* stream,
	                                                     const char* data) {
	  const char* segment = data;
	  *stream << "<![CDATA[";
	  for (;;) {
	    const char* const next_segment = strstr(segment, "]]>");
	    if (next_segment != nullptr) {
	      stream->write(
	          segment, static_cast<std::streamsize>(next_segment - segment));
	      *stream << "]]>]]&gt;<![CDATA[";
	      segment = next_segment + strlen("]]>");
	    } else {
	      *stream << segment;
	      break;
	    }
	  }
	  *stream << "]]>";
	}
	
	void XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::OutputXmlAttribute(
	    std::ostream* stream,
	    const std::string& element_name,
	    const std::string& name,
	    const std::string& value) {
	  const std::vector<std::string>& allowed_names =
	      GetReservedOutputAttributesForElement(element_name);
	
	  GTEST_CHECK_(std::find(allowed_names.begin(), allowed_names.end(), name) !=
	                   allowed_names.end())
	      << "Attribute " << name << " is not allowed for element <" << element_name
	      << ">.";
	
	  *stream << " " << name << "=\"" << EscapeXmlAttribute(value) << "\"";
	}
	
	// Prints an XML representation of a TestInfo object.
	void XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::OutputXmlTestInfo(::std::ostream* stream,
	                                                 const char* test_suite_name,
	                                                 const TestInfo& test_info) {
	  const TestResult& result = *test_info.result();
	  const std::string kTestsuite = "testcase";
	
	  if (test_info.is_in_another_shard()) {
	    return;
	  }
	
	  *stream << "    <testcase";
	  OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuite, "name", test_info.name());
	
	  if (test_info.value_param() != nullptr) {
	    OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuite, "value_param",
	                       test_info.value_param());
	  }
	  if (test_info.type_param() != nullptr) {
	    OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuite, "type_param",
	                       test_info.type_param());
	  }
	  if (GTEST_FLAG(list_tests)) {
	    OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuite, "file", test_info.file());
	    OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuite, "line",
	                       StreamableToString(test_info.line()));
	    *stream << " />\n";
	    return;
	  }
	
	  OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuite, "status",
	                     test_info.should_run() ? "run" : "notrun");
	  OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuite, "result",
	                     test_info.should_run()
	                         ? (result.Skipped() ? "skipped" : "completed")
	                         : "suppressed");
	  OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuite, "time",
	                     FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(result.elapsed_time()));
	  OutputXmlAttribute(
	      stream, kTestsuite, "timestamp",
	      FormatEpochTimeInMillisAsIso8601(result.start_timestamp()));
	  OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuite, "classname", test_suite_name);
	
	  int failures = 0;
	  for (int i = 0; i < result.total_part_count(); ++i) {
	    const TestPartResult& part = result.GetTestPartResult(i);
	    if (part.failed()) {
	      if (++failures == 1) {
	        *stream << ">\n";
	      }
	      const std::string location =
	          internal::FormatCompilerIndependentFileLocation(part.file_name(),
	                                                          part.line_number());
	      const std::string summary = location + "\n" + part.summary();
	      *stream << "      <failure message=\""
	              << EscapeXmlAttribute(summary.c_str())
	              << "\" type=\"\">";
	      const std::string detail = location + "\n" + part.message();
	      OutputXmlCDataSection(stream, RemoveInvalidXmlCharacters(detail).c_str());
	      *stream << "</failure>\n";
	    }
	  }
	
	  if (failures == 0 && result.test_property_count() == 0) {
	    *stream << " />\n";
	  } else {
	    if (failures == 0) {
	      *stream << ">\n";
	    }
	    OutputXmlTestProperties(stream, result);
	    *stream << "    </testcase>\n";
	  }
	}
	
	// Prints an XML representation of a TestSuite object
	void XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::PrintXmlTestSuite(std::ostream* stream,
	                                                 const TestSuite& test_suite) {
	  const std::string kTestsuite = "testsuite";
	  *stream << "  <" << kTestsuite;
	  OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuite, "name", test_suite.name());
	  OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuite, "tests",
	                     StreamableToString(test_suite.reportable_test_count()));
	  if (!GTEST_FLAG(list_tests)) {
	    OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuite, "failures",
	                       StreamableToString(test_suite.failed_test_count()));
	    OutputXmlAttribute(
	        stream, kTestsuite, "disabled",
	        StreamableToString(test_suite.reportable_disabled_test_count()));
	    OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuite, "errors", "0");
	    OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuite, "time",
	                       FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(test_suite.elapsed_time()));
	    OutputXmlAttribute(
	        stream, kTestsuite, "timestamp",
	        FormatEpochTimeInMillisAsIso8601(test_suite.start_timestamp()));
	    *stream << TestPropertiesAsXmlAttributes(test_suite.ad_hoc_test_result());
	  }
	  *stream << ">\n";
	  for (int i = 0; i < test_suite.total_test_count(); ++i) {
	    if (test_suite.GetTestInfo(i)->is_reportable())
	      OutputXmlTestInfo(stream, test_suite.name(), *test_suite.GetTestInfo(i));
	  }
	  *stream << "  </" << kTestsuite << ">\n";
	}
	
	// Prints an XML summary of unit_test to output stream out.
	void XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::PrintXmlUnitTest(std::ostream* stream,
	                                                const UnitTest& unit_test) {
	  const std::string kTestsuites = "testsuites";
	
	  *stream << "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n";
	  *stream << "<" << kTestsuites;
	
	  OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuites, "tests",
	                     StreamableToString(unit_test.reportable_test_count()));
	  OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuites, "failures",
	                     StreamableToString(unit_test.failed_test_count()));
	  OutputXmlAttribute(
	      stream, kTestsuites, "disabled",
	      StreamableToString(unit_test.reportable_disabled_test_count()));
	  OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuites, "errors", "0");
	  OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuites, "time",
	                     FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(unit_test.elapsed_time()));
	  OutputXmlAttribute(
	      stream, kTestsuites, "timestamp",
	      FormatEpochTimeInMillisAsIso8601(unit_test.start_timestamp()));
	
	  if (GTEST_FLAG(shuffle)) {
	    OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuites, "random_seed",
	                       StreamableToString(unit_test.random_seed()));
	  }
	  *stream << TestPropertiesAsXmlAttributes(unit_test.ad_hoc_test_result());
	
	  OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuites, "name", "AllTests");
	  *stream << ">\n";
	
	  for (int i = 0; i < unit_test.total_test_suite_count(); ++i) {
	    if (unit_test.GetTestSuite(i)->reportable_test_count() > 0)
	      PrintXmlTestSuite(stream, *unit_test.GetTestSuite(i));
	  }
	  *stream << "</" << kTestsuites << ">\n";
	}
	
	void XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::PrintXmlTestsList(
	    std::ostream* stream, const std::vector<TestSuite*>& test_suites) {
	  const std::string kTestsuites = "testsuites";
	
	  *stream << "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n";
	  *stream << "<" << kTestsuites;
	
	  int total_tests = 0;
	  for (auto test_suite : test_suites) {
	    total_tests += test_suite->total_test_count();
	  }
	  OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuites, "tests",
	                     StreamableToString(total_tests));
	  OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuites, "name", "AllTests");
	  *stream << ">\n";
	
	  for (auto test_suite : test_suites) {
	    PrintXmlTestSuite(stream, *test_suite);
	  }
	  *stream << "</" << kTestsuites << ">\n";
	}
	
	// Produces a string representing the test properties in a result as space
	// delimited XML attributes based on the property key="value" pairs.
	std::string XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::TestPropertiesAsXmlAttributes(
	    const TestResult& result) {
	  Message attributes;
	  for (int i = 0; i < result.test_property_count(); ++i) {
	    const TestProperty& property = result.GetTestProperty(i);
	    attributes << " " << property.key() << "="
	        << "\"" << EscapeXmlAttribute(property.value()) << "\"";
	  }
	  return attributes.GetString();
	}
	
	void XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::OutputXmlTestProperties(
	    std::ostream* stream, const TestResult& result) {
	  const std::string kProperties = "properties";
	  const std::string kProperty = "property";
	
	  if (result.test_property_count() <= 0) {
	    return;
	  }
	
	  *stream << "<" << kProperties << ">\n";
	  for (int i = 0; i < result.test_property_count(); ++i) {
	    const TestProperty& property = result.GetTestProperty(i);
	    *stream << "<" << kProperty;
	    *stream << " name=\"" << EscapeXmlAttribute(property.key()) << "\"";
	    *stream << " value=\"" << EscapeXmlAttribute(property.value()) << "\"";
	    *stream << "/>\n";
	  }
	  *stream << "</" << kProperties << ">\n";
	}
	
	// End XmlUnitTestResultPrinter
	
	// This class generates an JSON output file.
	class JsonUnitTestResultPrinter : public EmptyTestEventListener {
	 public:
	  explicit JsonUnitTestResultPrinter(const char* output_file);
	
	  void OnTestIterationEnd(const UnitTest& unit_test, int iteration) override;
	
	  // Prints an JSON summary of all unit tests.
	  static void PrintJsonTestList(::std::ostream* stream,
	                                const std::vector<TestSuite*>& test_suites);
	
	 private:
	  // Returns an JSON-escaped copy of the input string str.
	  static std::string EscapeJson(const std::string& str);
	
	  //// Verifies that the given attribute belongs to the given element and
	  //// streams the attribute as JSON.
	  static void OutputJsonKey(std::ostream* stream,
	                            const std::string& element_name,
	                            const std::string& name,
	                            const std::string& value,
	                            const std::string& indent,
	                            bool comma = true);
	  static void OutputJsonKey(std::ostream* stream,
	                            const std::string& element_name,
	                            const std::string& name,
	                            int value,
	                            const std::string& indent,
	                            bool comma = true);
	
	  // Streams a JSON representation of a TestInfo object.
	  static void OutputJsonTestInfo(::std::ostream* stream,
	                                 const char* test_suite_name,
	                                 const TestInfo& test_info);
	
	  // Prints a JSON representation of a TestSuite object
	  static void PrintJsonTestSuite(::std::ostream* stream,
	                                 const TestSuite& test_suite);
	
	  // Prints a JSON summary of unit_test to output stream out.
	  static void PrintJsonUnitTest(::std::ostream* stream,
	                                const UnitTest& unit_test);
	
	  // Produces a string representing the test properties in a result as
	  // a JSON dictionary.
	  static std::string TestPropertiesAsJson(const TestResult& result,
	                                          const std::string& indent);
	
	  // The output file.
	  const std::string output_file_;
	
	  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(JsonUnitTestResultPrinter);
	};
	
	// Creates a new JsonUnitTestResultPrinter.
	JsonUnitTestResultPrinter::JsonUnitTestResultPrinter(const char* output_file)
	    : output_file_(output_file) {
	  if (output_file_.empty()) {
	    GTEST_LOG_(FATAL) << "JSON output file may not be null";
	  }
	}
	
	void JsonUnitTestResultPrinter::OnTestIterationEnd(const UnitTest& unit_test,
	                                                  int /*iteration*/) {
	  FILE* jsonout = OpenFileForWriting(output_file_);
	  std::stringstream stream;
	  PrintJsonUnitTest(&stream, unit_test);
	  fprintf(jsonout, "%s", StringStreamToString(&stream).c_str());
	  fclose(jsonout);
	}
	
	// Returns an JSON-escaped copy of the input string str.
	std::string JsonUnitTestResultPrinter::EscapeJson(const std::string& str) {
	  Message m;
	
	  for (size_t i = 0; i < str.size(); ++i) {
	    const char ch = str[i];
	    switch (ch) {
	      case '\\':
	      case '"':
	      case '/':
	        m << '\\' << ch;
	        break;
	      case '\b':
	        m << "\\b";
	        break;
	      case '\t':
	        m << "\\t";
	        break;
	      case '\n':
	        m << "\\n";
	        break;
	      case '\f':
	        m << "\\f";
	        break;
	      case '\r':
	        m << "\\r";
	        break;
	      default:
	        if (ch < ' ') {
	          m << "\\u00" << String::FormatByte(static_cast<unsigned char>(ch));
	        } else {
	          m << ch;
	        }
	        break;
	    }
	  }
	
	  return m.GetString();
	}
	
	// The following routines generate an JSON representation of a UnitTest
	// object.
	
	// Formats the given time in milliseconds as seconds.
	static std::string FormatTimeInMillisAsDuration(TimeInMillis ms) {
	  ::std::stringstream ss;
	  ss << (static_cast<double>(ms) * 1e-3) << "s";
	  return ss.str();
	}
	
	// Converts the given epoch time in milliseconds to a date string in the
	// RFC3339 format, without the timezone information.
	static std::string FormatEpochTimeInMillisAsRFC3339(TimeInMillis ms) {
	  struct tm time_struct;
	  if (!PortableLocaltime(static_cast<time_t>(ms / 1000), &time_struct))
	    return "";
	  // YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss
	  return StreamableToString(time_struct.tm_year + 1900) + "-" +
	      String::FormatIntWidth2(time_struct.tm_mon + 1) + "-" +
	      String::FormatIntWidth2(time_struct.tm_mday) + "T" +
	      String::FormatIntWidth2(time_struct.tm_hour) + ":" +
	      String::FormatIntWidth2(time_struct.tm_min) + ":" +
	      String::FormatIntWidth2(time_struct.tm_sec) + "Z";
	}
	
	static inline std::string Indent(size_t width) {
	  return std::string(width, ' ');
	}
	
	void JsonUnitTestResultPrinter::OutputJsonKey(
	    std::ostream* stream,
	    const std::string& element_name,
	    const std::string& name,
	    const std::string& value,
	    const std::string& indent,
	    bool comma) {
	  const std::vector<std::string>& allowed_names =
	      GetReservedOutputAttributesForElement(element_name);
	
	  GTEST_CHECK_(std::find(allowed_names.begin(), allowed_names.end(), name) !=
	                   allowed_names.end())
	      << "Key \"" << name << "\" is not allowed for value \"" << element_name
	      << "\".";
	
	  *stream << indent << "\"" << name << "\": \"" << EscapeJson(value) << "\"";
	  if (comma)
	    *stream << ",\n";
	}
	
	void JsonUnitTestResultPrinter::OutputJsonKey(
	    std::ostream* stream,
	    const std::string& element_name,
	    const std::string& name,
	    int value,
	    const std::string& indent,
	    bool comma) {
	  const std::vector<std::string>& allowed_names =
	      GetReservedOutputAttributesForElement(element_name);
	
	  GTEST_CHECK_(std::find(allowed_names.begin(), allowed_names.end(), name) !=
	                   allowed_names.end())
	      << "Key \"" << name << "\" is not allowed for value \"" << element_name
	      << "\".";
	
	  *stream << indent << "\"" << name << "\": " << StreamableToString(value);
	  if (comma)
	    *stream << ",\n";
	}
	
	// Prints a JSON representation of a TestInfo object.
	void JsonUnitTestResultPrinter::OutputJsonTestInfo(::std::ostream* stream,
	                                                   const char* test_suite_name,
	                                                   const TestInfo& test_info) {
	  const TestResult& result = *test_info.result();
	  const std::string kTestsuite = "testcase";
	  const std::string kIndent = Indent(10);
	
	  *stream << Indent(8) << "{\n";
	  OutputJsonKey(stream, kTestsuite, "name", test_info.name(), kIndent);
	
	  if (test_info.value_param() != nullptr) {
	    OutputJsonKey(stream, kTestsuite, "value_param", test_info.value_param(),
	                  kIndent);
	  }
	  if (test_info.type_param() != nullptr) {
	    OutputJsonKey(stream, kTestsuite, "type_param", test_info.type_param(),
	                  kIndent);
	  }
	  if (GTEST_FLAG(list_tests)) {
	    OutputJsonKey(stream, kTestsuite, "file", test_info.file(), kIndent);
	    OutputJsonKey(stream, kTestsuite, "line", test_info.line(), kIndent, false);
	    *stream << "\n" << Indent(8) << "}";
	    return;
	  }
	
	  OutputJsonKey(stream, kTestsuite, "status",
	                test_info.should_run() ? "RUN" : "NOTRUN", kIndent);
	  OutputJsonKey(stream, kTestsuite, "result",
	                test_info.should_run()
	                    ? (result.Skipped() ? "SKIPPED" : "COMPLETED")
	                    : "SUPPRESSED",
	                kIndent);
	  OutputJsonKey(stream, kTestsuite, "timestamp",
	                FormatEpochTimeInMillisAsRFC3339(result.start_timestamp()),
	                kIndent);
	  OutputJsonKey(stream, kTestsuite, "time",
	                FormatTimeInMillisAsDuration(result.elapsed_time()), kIndent);
	  OutputJsonKey(stream, kTestsuite, "classname", test_suite_name, kIndent,
	                false);
	  *stream << TestPropertiesAsJson(result, kIndent);
	
	  int failures = 0;
	  for (int i = 0; i < result.total_part_count(); ++i) {
	    const TestPartResult& part = result.GetTestPartResult(i);
	    if (part.failed()) {
	      *stream << ",\n";
	      if (++failures == 1) {
	        *stream << kIndent << "\"" << "failures" << "\": [\n";
	      }
	      const std::string location =
	          internal::FormatCompilerIndependentFileLocation(part.file_name(),
	                                                          part.line_number());
	      const std::string message = EscapeJson(location + "\n" + part.message());
	      *stream << kIndent << "  {\n"
	              << kIndent << "    \"failure\": \"" << message << "\",\n"
	              << kIndent << "    \"type\": \"\"\n"
	              << kIndent << "  }";
	    }
	  }
	
	  if (failures > 0)
	    *stream << "\n" << kIndent << "]";
	  *stream << "\n" << Indent(8) << "}";
	}
	
	// Prints an JSON representation of a TestSuite object
	void JsonUnitTestResultPrinter::PrintJsonTestSuite(
	    std::ostream* stream, const TestSuite& test_suite) {
	  const std::string kTestsuite = "testsuite";
	  const std::string kIndent = Indent(6);
	
	  *stream << Indent(4) << "{\n";
	  OutputJsonKey(stream, kTestsuite, "name", test_suite.name(), kIndent);
	  OutputJsonKey(stream, kTestsuite, "tests", test_suite.reportable_test_count(),
	                kIndent);
	  if (!GTEST_FLAG(list_tests)) {
	    OutputJsonKey(stream, kTestsuite, "failures",
	                  test_suite.failed_test_count(), kIndent);
	    OutputJsonKey(stream, kTestsuite, "disabled",
	                  test_suite.reportable_disabled_test_count(), kIndent);
	    OutputJsonKey(stream, kTestsuite, "errors", 0, kIndent);
	    OutputJsonKey(
	        stream, kTestsuite, "timestamp",
	        FormatEpochTimeInMillisAsRFC3339(test_suite.start_timestamp()),
	        kIndent);
	    OutputJsonKey(stream, kTestsuite, "time",
	                  FormatTimeInMillisAsDuration(test_suite.elapsed_time()),
	                  kIndent, false);
	    *stream << TestPropertiesAsJson(test_suite.ad_hoc_test_result(), kIndent)
	            << ",\n";
	  }
	
	  *stream << kIndent << "\"" << kTestsuite << "\": [\n";
	
	  bool comma = false;
	  for (int i = 0; i < test_suite.total_test_count(); ++i) {
	    if (test_suite.GetTestInfo(i)->is_reportable()) {
	      if (comma) {
	        *stream << ",\n";
	      } else {
	        comma = true;
	      }
	      OutputJsonTestInfo(stream, test_suite.name(), *test_suite.GetTestInfo(i));
	    }
	  }
	  *stream << "\n" << kIndent << "]\n" << Indent(4) << "}";
	}
	
	// Prints a JSON summary of unit_test to output stream out.
	void JsonUnitTestResultPrinter::PrintJsonUnitTest(std::ostream* stream,
	                                                  const UnitTest& unit_test) {
	  const std::string kTestsuites = "testsuites";
	  const std::string kIndent = Indent(2);
	  *stream << "{\n";
	
	  OutputJsonKey(stream, kTestsuites, "tests", unit_test.reportable_test_count(),
	                kIndent);
	  OutputJsonKey(stream, kTestsuites, "failures", unit_test.failed_test_count(),
	                kIndent);
	  OutputJsonKey(stream, kTestsuites, "disabled",
	                unit_test.reportable_disabled_test_count(), kIndent);
	  OutputJsonKey(stream, kTestsuites, "errors", 0, kIndent);
	  if (GTEST_FLAG(shuffle)) {
	    OutputJsonKey(stream, kTestsuites, "random_seed", unit_test.random_seed(),
	                  kIndent);
	  }
	  OutputJsonKey(stream, kTestsuites, "timestamp",
	                FormatEpochTimeInMillisAsRFC3339(unit_test.start_timestamp()),
	                kIndent);
	  OutputJsonKey(stream, kTestsuites, "time",
	                FormatTimeInMillisAsDuration(unit_test.elapsed_time()), kIndent,
	                false);
	
	  *stream << TestPropertiesAsJson(unit_test.ad_hoc_test_result(), kIndent)
	          << ",\n";
	
	  OutputJsonKey(stream, kTestsuites, "name", "AllTests", kIndent);
	  *stream << kIndent << "\"" << kTestsuites << "\": [\n";
	
	  bool comma = false;
	  for (int i = 0; i < unit_test.total_test_suite_count(); ++i) {
	    if (unit_test.GetTestSuite(i)->reportable_test_count() > 0) {
	      if (comma) {
	        *stream << ",\n";
	      } else {
	        comma = true;
	      }
	      PrintJsonTestSuite(stream, *unit_test.GetTestSuite(i));
	    }
	  }
	
	  *stream << "\n" << kIndent << "]\n" << "}\n";
	}
	
	void JsonUnitTestResultPrinter::PrintJsonTestList(
	    std::ostream* stream, const std::vector<TestSuite*>& test_suites) {
	  const std::string kTestsuites = "testsuites";
	  const std::string kIndent = Indent(2);
	  *stream << "{\n";
	  int total_tests = 0;
	  for (auto test_suite : test_suites) {
	    total_tests += test_suite->total_test_count();
	  }
	  OutputJsonKey(stream, kTestsuites, "tests", total_tests, kIndent);
	
	  OutputJsonKey(stream, kTestsuites, "name", "AllTests", kIndent);
	  *stream << kIndent << "\"" << kTestsuites << "\": [\n";
	
	  for (size_t i = 0; i < test_suites.size(); ++i) {
	    if (i != 0) {
	      *stream << ",\n";
	    }
	    PrintJsonTestSuite(stream, *test_suites[i]);
	  }
	
	  *stream << "\n"
	          << kIndent << "]\n"
	          << "}\n";
	}
	// Produces a string representing the test properties in a result as
	// a JSON dictionary.
	std::string JsonUnitTestResultPrinter::TestPropertiesAsJson(
	    const TestResult& result, const std::string& indent) {
	  Message attributes;
	  for (int i = 0; i < result.test_property_count(); ++i) {
	    const TestProperty& property = result.GetTestProperty(i);
	    attributes << ",\n" << indent << "\"" << property.key() << "\": "
	               << "\"" << EscapeJson(property.value()) << "\"";
	  }
	  return attributes.GetString();
	}
	
	// End JsonUnitTestResultPrinter
	
	#if GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS_
	
	// Checks if str contains '=', '&', '%' or '\n' characters. If yes,
	// replaces them by "%xx" where xx is their hexadecimal value. For
	// example, replaces "=" with "%3D".  This algorithm is O(strlen(str))
	// in both time and space -- important as the input str may contain an
	// arbitrarily long test failure message and stack trace.
	std::string StreamingListener::UrlEncode(const char* str) {
	  std::string result;
	  result.reserve(strlen(str) + 1);
	  for (char ch = *str; ch != '\0'; ch = *++str) {
	    switch (ch) {
	      case '%':
	      case '=':
	      case '&':
	      case '\n':
	        result.append("%" + String::FormatByte(static_cast<unsigned char>(ch)));
	        break;
	      default:
	        result.push_back(ch);
	        break;
	    }
	  }
	  return result;
	}
	
	void StreamingListener::SocketWriter::MakeConnection() {
	  GTEST_CHECK_(sockfd_ == -1)
	      << "MakeConnection() can't be called when there is already a connection.";
	
	  addrinfo hints;
	  memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints));
	  hints.ai_family = AF_UNSPEC;    // To allow both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses.
	  hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
	  addrinfo* servinfo = nullptr;
	
	  // Use the getaddrinfo() to get a linked list of IP addresses for
	  // the given host name.
	  const int error_num = getaddrinfo(
	      host_name_.c_str(), port_num_.c_str(), &hints, &servinfo);
	  if (error_num != 0) {
	    GTEST_LOG_(WARNING) << "stream_result_to: getaddrinfo() failed: "
	                        << gai_strerror(error_num);
	  }
	
	  // Loop through all the results and connect to the first we can.
	  for (addrinfo* cur_addr = servinfo; sockfd_ == -1 && cur_addr != nullptr;
	       cur_addr = cur_addr->ai_next) {
	    sockfd_ = socket(
	        cur_addr->ai_family, cur_addr->ai_socktype, cur_addr->ai_protocol);
	    if (sockfd_ != -1) {
	      // Connect the client socket to the server socket.
	      if (connect(sockfd_, cur_addr->ai_addr, cur_addr->ai_addrlen) == -1) {
	        close(sockfd_);
	        sockfd_ = -1;
	      }
	    }
	  }
	
	  freeaddrinfo(servinfo);  // all done with this structure
	
	  if (sockfd_ == -1) {
	    GTEST_LOG_(WARNING) << "stream_result_to: failed to connect to "
	                        << host_name_ << ":" << port_num_;
	  }
	}
	
	// End of class Streaming Listener
	#endif  // GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS__
	
	// class OsStackTraceGetter
	
	const char* const OsStackTraceGetterInterface::kElidedFramesMarker =
	    "... " GTEST_NAME_ " internal frames ...";
	
	std::string OsStackTraceGetter::CurrentStackTrace(int max_depth, int skip_count)
	    GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_) {
	#if GTEST_HAS_ABSL
	  std::string result;
	
	  if (max_depth <= 0) {
	    return result;
	  }
	
	  max_depth = std::min(max_depth, kMaxStackTraceDepth);
	
	  std::vector<void*> raw_stack(max_depth);
	  // Skips the frames requested by the caller, plus this function.
	  const int raw_stack_size =
	      absl::GetStackTrace(&raw_stack[0], max_depth, skip_count + 1);
	
	  void* caller_frame = nullptr;
	  {
	    MutexLock lock(&mutex_);
	    caller_frame = caller_frame_;
	  }
	
	  for (int i = 0; i < raw_stack_size; ++i) {
	    if (raw_stack[i] == caller_frame &&
	        !GTEST_FLAG(show_internal_stack_frames)) {
	      // Add a marker to the trace and stop adding frames.
	      absl::StrAppend(&result, kElidedFramesMarker, "\n");
	      break;
	    }
	
	    char tmp[1024];
	    const char* symbol = "(unknown)";
	    if (absl::Symbolize(raw_stack[i], tmp, sizeof(tmp))) {
	      symbol = tmp;
	    }
	
	    char line[1024];
	    snprintf(line, sizeof(line), "  %p: %s\n", raw_stack[i], symbol);
	    result += line;
	  }
	
	  return result;
	
	#else  // !GTEST_HAS_ABSL
	  static_cast<void>(max_depth);
	  static_cast<void>(skip_count);
	  return "";
	#endif  // GTEST_HAS_ABSL
	}
	
	void OsStackTraceGetter::UponLeavingGTest() GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_) {
	#if GTEST_HAS_ABSL
	  void* caller_frame = nullptr;
	  if (absl::GetStackTrace(&caller_frame, 1, 3) <= 0) {
	    caller_frame = nullptr;
	  }
	
	  MutexLock lock(&mutex_);
	  caller_frame_ = caller_frame;
	#endif  // GTEST_HAS_ABSL
	}
	
	// A helper class that creates the premature-exit file in its
	// constructor and deletes the file in its destructor.
	class ScopedPrematureExitFile {
	 public:
	  explicit ScopedPrematureExitFile(const char* premature_exit_filepath)
	      : premature_exit_filepath_(premature_exit_filepath ?
	                                 premature_exit_filepath : "") {
	    // If a path to the premature-exit file is specified...
	    if (!premature_exit_filepath_.empty()) {
	      // create the file with a single "0" character in it.  I/O
	      // errors are ignored as there's nothing better we can do and we
	      // don't want to fail the test because of this.
	      FILE* pfile = posix::FOpen(premature_exit_filepath, "w");
	      fwrite("0", 1, 1, pfile);
	      fclose(pfile);
	    }
	  }
	
	  ~ScopedPrematureExitFile() {
	    if (!premature_exit_filepath_.empty()) {
	      int retval = remove(premature_exit_filepath_.c_str());
	      if (retval) {
	        GTEST_LOG_(ERROR) << "Failed to remove premature exit filepath \""
	                          << premature_exit_filepath_ << "\" with error "
	                          << retval;
	      }
	    }
	  }
	
	 private:
	  const std::string premature_exit_filepath_;
	
	  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ScopedPrematureExitFile);
	};
	
	}  // namespace internal
	
	// class TestEventListeners
	
	TestEventListeners::TestEventListeners()
	    : repeater_(new internal::TestEventRepeater()),
	      default_result_printer_(nullptr),
	      default_xml_generator_(nullptr) {}
	
	TestEventListeners::~TestEventListeners() { delete repeater_; }
	
	// Returns the standard listener responsible for the default console
	// output.  Can be removed from the listeners list to shut down default
	// console output.  Note that removing this object from the listener list
	// with Release transfers its ownership to the user.
	void TestEventListeners::Append(TestEventListener* listener) {
	  repeater_->Append(listener);
	}
	
	// Removes the given event listener from the list and returns it.  It then
	// becomes the caller's responsibility to delete the listener. Returns
	// NULL if the listener is not found in the list.
	TestEventListener* TestEventListeners::Release(TestEventListener* listener) {
	  if (listener == default_result_printer_)
	    default_result_printer_ = nullptr;
	  else if (listener == default_xml_generator_)
	    default_xml_generator_ = nullptr;
	  return repeater_->Release(listener);
	}
	
	// Returns repeater that broadcasts the TestEventListener events to all
	// subscribers.
	TestEventListener* TestEventListeners::repeater() { return repeater_; }
	
	// Sets the default_result_printer attribute to the provided listener.
	// The listener is also added to the listener list and previous
	// default_result_printer is removed from it and deleted. The listener can
	// also be NULL in which case it will not be added to the list. Does
	// nothing if the previous and the current listener objects are the same.
	void TestEventListeners::SetDefaultResultPrinter(TestEventListener* listener) {
	  if (default_result_printer_ != listener) {
	    // It is an error to pass this method a listener that is already in the
	    // list.
	    delete Release(default_result_printer_);
	    default_result_printer_ = listener;
	    if (listener != nullptr) Append(listener);
	  }
	}
	
	// Sets the default_xml_generator attribute to the provided listener.  The
	// listener is also added to the listener list and previous
	// default_xml_generator is removed from it and deleted. The listener can
	// also be NULL in which case it will not be added to the list. Does
	// nothing if the previous and the current listener objects are the same.
	void TestEventListeners::SetDefaultXmlGenerator(TestEventListener* listener) {
	  if (default_xml_generator_ != listener) {
	    // It is an error to pass this method a listener that is already in the
	    // list.
	    delete Release(default_xml_generator_);
	    default_xml_generator_ = listener;
	    if (listener != nullptr) Append(listener);
	  }
	}
	
	// Controls whether events will be forwarded by the repeater to the
	// listeners in the list.
	bool TestEventListeners::EventForwardingEnabled() const {
	  return repeater_->forwarding_enabled();
	}
	
	void TestEventListeners::SuppressEventForwarding() {
	  repeater_->set_forwarding_enabled(false);
	}
	
	// class UnitTest
	
	// Gets the singleton UnitTest object.  The first time this method is
	// called, a UnitTest object is constructed and returned.  Consecutive
	// calls will return the same object.
	//
	// We don't protect this under mutex_ as a user is not supposed to
	// call this before main() starts, from which point on the return
	// value will never change.
	UnitTest* UnitTest::GetInstance() {
	  // CodeGear C++Builder insists on a public destructor for the
	  // default implementation.  Use this implementation to keep good OO
	  // design with private destructor.
	
	#if defined(__BORLANDC__)
	  static UnitTest* const instance = new UnitTest;
	  return instance;
	#else
	  static UnitTest instance;
	  return &instance;
	#endif  // defined(__BORLANDC__)
	}
	
	// Gets the number of successful test suites.
	int UnitTest::successful_test_suite_count() const {
	  return impl()->successful_test_suite_count();
	}
	
	// Gets the number of failed test suites.
	int UnitTest::failed_test_suite_count() const {
	  return impl()->failed_test_suite_count();
	}
	
	// Gets the number of all test suites.
	int UnitTest::total_test_suite_count() const {
	  return impl()->total_test_suite_count();
	}
	
	// Gets the number of all test suites that contain at least one test
	// that should run.
	int UnitTest::test_suite_to_run_count() const {
	  return impl()->test_suite_to_run_count();
	}
	
	//  Legacy API is deprecated but still available
	#ifndef GTEST_REMOVE_LEGACY_TEST_CASEAPI_
	int UnitTest::successful_test_case_count() const {
	  return impl()->successful_test_suite_count();
	}
	int UnitTest::failed_test_case_count() const {
	  return impl()->failed_test_suite_count();
	}
	int UnitTest::total_test_case_count() const {
	  return impl()->total_test_suite_count();
	}
	int UnitTest::test_case_to_run_count() const {
	  return impl()->test_suite_to_run_count();
	}
	#endif  //  GTEST_REMOVE_LEGACY_TEST_CASEAPI_
	
	// Gets the number of successful tests.
	int UnitTest::successful_test_count() const {
	  return impl()->successful_test_count();
	}
	
	// Gets the number of skipped tests.
	int UnitTest::skipped_test_count() const {
	  return impl()->skipped_test_count();
	}
	
	// Gets the number of failed tests.
	int UnitTest::failed_test_count() const { return impl()->failed_test_count(); }
	
	// Gets the number of disabled tests that will be reported in the XML report.
	int UnitTest::reportable_disabled_test_count() const {
	  return impl()->reportable_disabled_test_count();
	}
	
	// Gets the number of disabled tests.
	int UnitTest::disabled_test_count() const {
	  return impl()->disabled_test_count();
	}
	
	// Gets the number of tests to be printed in the XML report.
	int UnitTest::reportable_test_count() const {
	  return impl()->reportable_test_count();
	}
	
	// Gets the number of all tests.
	int UnitTest::total_test_count() const { return impl()->total_test_count(); }
	
	// Gets the number of tests that should run.
	int UnitTest::test_to_run_count() const { return impl()->test_to_run_count(); }
	
	// Gets the time of the test program start, in ms from the start of the
	// UNIX epoch.
	internal::TimeInMillis UnitTest::start_timestamp() const {
	    return impl()->start_timestamp();
	}
	
	// Gets the elapsed time, in milliseconds.
	internal::TimeInMillis UnitTest::elapsed_time() const {
	  return impl()->elapsed_time();
	}
	
	// Returns true if the unit test passed (i.e. all test suites passed).
	bool UnitTest::Passed() const { return impl()->Passed(); }
	
	// Returns true if the unit test failed (i.e. some test suite failed
	// or something outside of all tests failed).
	bool UnitTest::Failed() const { return impl()->Failed(); }
	
	// Gets the i-th test suite among all the test suites. i can range from 0 to
	// total_test_suite_count() - 1. If i is not in that range, returns NULL.
	const TestSuite* UnitTest::GetTestSuite(int i) const {
	  return impl()->GetTestSuite(i);
	}
	
	//  Legacy API is deprecated but still available
	#ifndef GTEST_REMOVE_LEGACY_TEST_CASEAPI_
	const TestCase* UnitTest::GetTestCase(int i) const {
	  return impl()->GetTestCase(i);
	}
	#endif  //  GTEST_REMOVE_LEGACY_TEST_CASEAPI_
	
	// Returns the TestResult containing information on test failures and
	// properties logged outside of individual test suites.
	const TestResult& UnitTest::ad_hoc_test_result() const {
	  return *impl()->ad_hoc_test_result();
	}
	
	// Gets the i-th test suite among all the test suites. i can range from 0 to
	// total_test_suite_count() - 1. If i is not in that range, returns NULL.
	TestSuite* UnitTest::GetMutableTestSuite(int i) {
	  return impl()->GetMutableSuiteCase(i);
	}
	
	// Returns the list of event listeners that can be used to track events
	// inside Google Test.
	TestEventListeners& UnitTest::listeners() {
	  return *impl()->listeners();
	}
	
	// Registers and returns a global test environment.  When a test
	// program is run, all global test environments will be set-up in the
	// order they were registered.  After all tests in the program have
	// finished, all global test environments will be torn-down in the
	// *reverse* order they were registered.
	//
	// The UnitTest object takes ownership of the given environment.
	//
	// We don't protect this under mutex_, as we only support calling it
	// from the main thread.
	Environment* UnitTest::AddEnvironment(Environment* env) {
	  if (env == nullptr) {
	    return nullptr;
	  }
	
	  impl_->environments().push_back(env);
	  return env;
	}
	
	// Adds a TestPartResult to the current TestResult object.  All Google Test
	// assertion macros (e.g. ASSERT_TRUE, EXPECT_EQ, etc) eventually call
	// this to report their results.  The user code should use the
	// assertion macros instead of calling this directly.
	void UnitTest::AddTestPartResult(
	    TestPartResult::Type result_type,
	    const char* file_name,
	    int line_number,
	    const std::string& message,
	    const std::string& os_stack_trace) GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_) {
	  Message msg;
	  msg << message;
	
	  internal::MutexLock lock(&mutex_);
	  if (impl_->gtest_trace_stack().size() > 0) {
	    msg << "\n" << GTEST_NAME_ << " trace:";
	
	    for (size_t i = impl_->gtest_trace_stack().size(); i > 0; --i) {
	      const internal::TraceInfo& trace = impl_->gtest_trace_stack()[i - 1];
	      msg << "\n" << internal::FormatFileLocation(trace.file, trace.line)
	          << " " << trace.message;
	    }
	  }
	
	  if (os_stack_trace.c_str() != nullptr && !os_stack_trace.empty()) {
	    msg << internal::kStackTraceMarker << os_stack_trace;
	  }
	
	  const TestPartResult result = TestPartResult(
	      result_type, file_name, line_number, msg.GetString().c_str());
	  impl_->GetTestPartResultReporterForCurrentThread()->
	      ReportTestPartResult(result);
	
	  if (result_type != TestPartResult::kSuccess &&
	      result_type != TestPartResult::kSkip) {
	    // gtest_break_on_failure takes precedence over
	    // gtest_throw_on_failure.  This allows a user to set the latter
	    // in the code (perhaps in order to use Google Test assertions
	    // with another testing framework) and specify the former on the
	    // command line for debugging.
	    if (GTEST_FLAG(break_on_failure)) {
	#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT
	      // Using DebugBreak on Windows allows gtest to still break into a debugger
	      // when a failure happens and both the --gtest_break_on_failure and
	      // the --gtest_catch_exceptions flags are specified.
	      DebugBreak();
	#elif (!defined(__native_client__)) &&            \
	    ((defined(__clang__) || defined(__GNUC__)) && \
	     (defined(__x86_64__) || defined(__i386__)))
	      // with clang/gcc we can achieve the same effect on x86 by invoking int3
	      asm("int3");
	#else
	      // Dereference nullptr through a volatile pointer to prevent the compiler
	      // from removing. We use this rather than abort() or __builtin_trap() for
	      // portability: some debuggers don't correctly trap abort().
	      *static_cast<volatile int*>(nullptr) = 1;
	#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
	    } else if (GTEST_FLAG(throw_on_failure)) {
	#if GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS