NAME
tree - display radix tree or red-black tree
SYNOPSIS
tree -t [radix|rbtree] [-r offset] [-s struct[.member[,member]] -[x|d]]
[-o offset] [-p] [-N] start
DESCRIPTION
This command dumps the contents of a radix tree or a red-black tree.
The arguments are as follows:
-t type The type of tree to dump; the type string can be either
"radix" or "rbtree", although only the first two characters
are required.
-r offset If the "start" argument is the address of a data structure that
contains the radix_tree_root or rb_root structure, then this is
the offset to that structure member. If the offset is non-zero,
then this option is required. The offset may be entered in either
of two manners:
1. In "structure.member" format.
2. A number of bytes.
-o offset For red-black trees only, the offset of the rb_node within its
containing data structure; if the offset is non-zero, then this
option is required. The offset may be entered in either of two
manners:
1. In "structure.member" format.
2. A number of bytes.
This option is not applicable to radix trees.
-s struct For each entry in a tree, format and print it as this type of data
structure; use the "struct.member" format in order to display a
particular member of the structure. To display multiple members
of a structure, use a comma-separated list of members.
-x Override default output format with hexadecimal format.
-d Override default output format with decimal format.
-p Display the node's position information, showing the relationship
between it and the root. For red-black trees, a position that
indicates "root/l/r" means that the node is the right child
of the left child of the root node. For radix trees, the height
and slot index values are shown with respect to the root.
The meaning of the "start" argument, which can be expressed either in
hexadecimal format or symbolically, depends upon whether the -N option
is prepended:
start The address of a radix_tree_root or rb_root structure, or the
address of a structure containing the radix_tree_root or rb_root
structure; if the latter, then the "-r offset" option must be
used if the member offset of the root structure is non-zero.
-N start The address of the structure radix_tree_node or rb_node, bypassing
the radix_tree_root or rb_root that points to it.
EXAMPLES
The vmap_area_root is a standalone rb_root structure. Display the
virtual addresses of each vmap_area in its red-black tree:
crash> whatis vmap_area_root
struct rb_root vmap_area_root;
crash> tree -t rbtree -o vmap_area.rb_node vmap_area_root
ffff880128c508c0
ffff88012cb68140
ffff88012c9afec0
ffff88012d65c440
...
Display the vmap_area's va_start and va_end members of each of
the entries above expressing the vmap_area.rb_node offset as a
number of bytes:
crash> tree -t rbtree -o 24 vmap_area_root -s vmap_area.va_start,va_end
ffff880128c508c0
va_start = 0xffffc90014900000
va_end = 0xffffc90014921000
ffff88012cb68140
va_start = 0xffffc900110c0000
va_end = 0xffffc900110d1000
ffff88012c9afec0
va_start = 0xffffc90000640000
va_end = 0xffffc90000642000
ffff88012d65c440
va_start = 0xffffc90000620000
va_end = 0xffffc90000622000
...
Alternatively, use the -N option with the rb_node address contained
in the vmap_area_root structure:
crash> p vmap_area_root
vmap_area_root = $8 = {
rb_node = 0xffff880128c508d8
}
crash> tree -t rbtree -o vmap_area.rb_node -N 0xffff880128c508d8
ffff880128c508c0
ffff88012cb68140
ffff88012c9afec0
ffff88012d65c440
Display the virtual address of each vm_area_struct in the red-black
tree that has its root inside an mm_struct located at ffff880128b5a300.
The vm_area_struct.vm_rb rb_node member has an offset of 0x38 bytes:
crash> tree -t rbtree -r mm_struct.mm_rb ffff880128b5a300 -o 0x38
ffff88012a0de080
ffff880123e3ac78
ffff880123e3a700
ffff88012b2837c8
...
ffff880128c02ed0
ffff8801292e7958
ffff880123e3a318
ffff880123e3ad40
Add the -p option to the command above to show postion information:
crash> tree -t rbtree -r mm_struct.mm_rb ffff880128b5a300 -o 0x38 -p
ffff88012a0de080
position: root
ffff880123e3ac78
position: root/l
ffff880123e3a700
position: root/l/l
ffff88012b2837c8
position: root/l/l/l
...
ffff880128c02ed0
position: root/r/r/l/r
ffff8801292e7958
position: root/r/r/l/r/r
ffff880123e3a318
position: root/r/r/r
ffff880123e3ad40
position: root/r/r/r/r
Display a list of the page structs in the radix tree of an address_space
structure located at ffff88012d364de0:
crash> tree -t radix -r address_space.page_tree ffff88012d364de0
ffffea00040d12c0
ffffea00040d9a60
ffffea00040d9b08
ffffea000407eda8
ffffea0004084288
...
ffffea000407bc70
ffffea00040baf48
ffffea0004043f48
ffffea000407de58
Add the -p option to the command above to show postion information:
crash> tree -t radix -r address_space.page_tree ffff88012d364de0 -p
ffffea00040d12c0
position: root/0/0
ffffea00040d9a60
position: root/0/1
ffffea00040d9b08
position: root/0/2
ffffea000407eda8
position: root/0/3
ffffea0004084288
position: root/0/4
...
ffffea000407bc70
position: root/3/25
ffffea00040baf48
position: root/3/26
ffffea0004043f48
position: root/3/27
ffffea000407de58
position: root/3/28
Alternatively, take the address of the radix_tree_node from the
radix_tree_root structure in the address_space structure above,
and display the tree with the -N option:
crash> struct address_space.page_tree ffff88012d364de0
page_tree = {
height = 0x2,
gfp_mask = 0x20,
rnode = 0xffff8801238add71
}
crash> tree -t radix -N 0xffff8801238add71
ffffea00040d12c0
ffffea00040d9a60
ffffea00040d9b08
ffffea000407eda8
ffffea0004084288
ffffea00040843a0
...
Using the same radix tree as above, display the flags and _count
members of each page struct in the list, and force the output format
to be hexadecimal:
crash> tree -t radix -N 0xffff8801238add71 -s page.flags,_count -x
ffffea00040d12c0
flags = 0x4000000002006c
_count = {
counter = 0x7
}
ffffea00040d9a60
flags = 0x4000000002006c
_count = {
counter = 0x7
}
ffffea00040d9b08
flags = 0x4000000002006c
_count = {
counter = 0x7
}
ffffea000407eda8
flags = 0x4000000002006c
_count = {
counter = 0x7
}
...
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